Contents


Preface

Wastewater treatment is a process used to convert wastewater into a treated effluent (outflowing of water to a receiving body of water) that can be returned to the water cycle with minimal impact on the environment or directly reused. Climate change, population growth, and water scarcity have contributed to a growing demand for sustainable management of water resources. With the application of nitrate-containing fertilizers, consumption of animal products, and industrial production activities, ever more ammonia and nitrate are being discharged into rivers and lakes, which may

Although there is no ammonia drinking water standard in the United States, the European community has established a maximum limit of approximately 0.5 mg/L and a guide level of 0.05 mg/L (EU Council, 1980). The maximum acceptable contamination level in drinking water is 10 mg/L nitrate nitrogen in the United States, Japan, and Korea, while the EU countries set the standard for nitrate nitrogen at 11.3 mg/L, and the World Health Organization recommends 11.3 mg/L nitrate nitrogen to protect against methemoglobinemia in bottle-fed infants. To protect aquatic ecological systems, a more stringent limit was imposed to point source dischargers into sensitive water bodies, such as Chesapeake Bay in the United States. Nitrification and denitrification are the fundamental processes in nitrogen removal in aquatic ecosystems. They play an essential role in both natural and engineered systems in terms of

This book reviews and updates the fundamental research and engineering experience on nitrification and denitrification. Although nitrification and denitrification are generally regarded as biological processes for the removal of ammonia, as well as nitrates and nitrites, this book covers a broad range of topics for ammonia and nitrate

While extensive research has been conducted on conventional wastewater treatment, this book is oriented to some interesting processes and selected applications such as photocatalytic reaction for nitrous oxide removal, autotrophic nitrogen oxidization,

and the anaerobic ammonia oxidation process. Chapters in this book include:

Chapter 2: "Recent Progress and Current Status of Photocatalytic NO Removal"

Chapter 3: "Research on Partial Nitritation and Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation

Chapter 4: "The Contribution of Autotrophic Nitrogen Oxidizers to Global Nitrogen

Chapter 1: "Introductory Chapter: Ammonia Removal and Recovery"

removal, including physical and chemical approaches.

cause eutrophication and deterioration of aquatic environments.

the nitrogen cycle.

Process"

Conversion"
