**3. Role of bio-polymeric compounds in characteristics of the oil seed formed**

Lignocellulosic materials (oilseed residue) generally consist of several intrinsic bio-polymeric components [19]. Among others, lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose play a vital role in composition of pyrolytic products. When the lignocellulosic material undergoes heat treatment, the degradation trends of each bio-polymer decompose differently [20]. Moreover, the percentage of total carbon also depends on the degradation of these bio-polymers. Briefly, hemicellulose is susceptible to lower temperatures of torrefaction or pyrolysis, average range of the temperature for hemicellulose is 150–300°C. However, cellulose also gets volatized at slighter high temperatures than the hemicellulose. Lignin is a complex long chain bio-polymer and it starts to decompose partially at the temperature of cellulose and hemicellulose, however, it gets decomposed at higher temperature i.e., > 500°C [21].

**Table 1** reports that the liquid production from safflower seed cake (residue) is more, when the average percentages of cellulose and hemicellulose are 40% and 16%, respectively [30]. However, in another study, the authors suggested that if the mustard oilseed residue contains an average percentage of cellulose and hemicellulose at 52.21% and 10.85%, respectively, the residue is potentially suitable for bio-fuel production [8]. In the same way, a comparative study of African star apple seed (ASA) and silk cotton seed residue (SCS), bio-oil production is more in ASA because of its high lignin content at optimum temperature of 400°C [23]. Kinetic studies of Jatropha de-oiled cake residue were conducted to examine the utilization of Jatropha residue for bio-fuel production [25]. Withal, bio-polymeric compositions in OSR affect the yield of outcome of pyrolysis. The further studies of variations with heat treatment could have great scope in future [31, 32]. In addition, proximate and ultimate analysis also plays a key role in pyrolysis. Here, elucidation of their role and importance is not mentioned, as they are mentioned in many literatures [30, 33].


#### **Table 1.**

*Bio-polymeric composition of oilseed residues.*

*Production of Biochar from Oilseed Residue (Deoiled Cakes): State-of-the-Art DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.114228*
