**5. Emerging opportunities in insect protein**

Over the past decade, there has been growing interest in insect farming (e.g., raising and breeding insects as livestock) [75]. This attention is mostly attributed to their ability to efficiently convert low-value organic waste streams into high-quality products (e.g., protein, fat, chitin, and fertiliser) [76]. Compared with conventional livestock (e.g., pigs and cattle), research has also shown that insects produce lower GHG emissions and can be farmed with less land and water [77, 78]. Insect farming therefore provides a promising opportunity for both waste valorisation and sustainable food production.
