**5.6 Environmental impact and carbon cycle**

A life cycle assessment (LCA) of the entire bioenergy production process is crucial to understand the environmental implications and carbon cycle. This assessment helps in identifying potential areas for improvement in terms of sustainability [44].

### **5.7 Acceptance and demand**

Market and community acceptance of biochar and biofuels derived from oilseed waste are vital for sustainable production. Promoting sustainable agriculture practices and establishing standards can enhance demand and acceptability in the local market.

Overcoming the challenges in producing biochar and biofuels from oilseed waste requires collaborative efforts from researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. By addressing these obstacles, we can unlock the full potential of oilseed waste as a valuable feedstock for bioenergy production, contributing to a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. However, careful consideration is necessary to balance the use of agricultural crops and edible oils for biodiesel production to avoid potential conflicts between "food vs. fuel" [41, 45].
