**3. Materials and method**

#### **3.1 Characterization of the feedstock**

Three feedstocks were used (1) RDF pellets, (2) Pine Chips, and (3) pine pellets. **Table 2** contains the main aspects of the characterization of the feedstock.

#### **3.2 Gasification pilot-scale infrastructure**

The experiments were performed in a Pilot-scale Bubbling Fluidized Bed Reactor at the University of Aveiro. **Figure 3** is the P&ID of the process where each part of the instrumentation and equipment are indicated. This drawing will be helpful later in identifying potential improvements.

#### **3.3 Methodology**

To determine the best conditions, four parameters are considered gas lower heating value (LHV), specific dry gas production (Ygas), cold gas efficiency (CGE), and carbon conversion efficiency (CCE).

$$LHV\_{Gas} = \frac{\sum y\_{iG} \* m\_i \* LHV\_i}{m\_G} \tag{1}$$

$$Y\_{gas} = \frac{V\_G}{m\_F} \tag{2}$$

$$\text{CGE}[\%] = \frac{V\_G \* LHV\_G}{m\_F \* LHV\_F} \* 100\tag{3}$$

$$\text{CCE}[\%] = \frac{V\_G \* \frac{p\_G}{R \* T\_G} \* M\_C \* \sum\_i \in c, i \* \mathcal{y}\_i}{m\_F \* W\_{CF}} \* 100\tag{4}$$

