**2. Characterization and outline of the technological route**

Grande [1], fully characterizing the chemical composition of waste and having specific data on production volume, physical state, stability, and storage conditions are essential when considering waste as a potential raw material. When deciding on waste transformation, options include biodigestion, fermentation, mechanical methods, and thermal methods to extract desired molecules or by-products. It is crucial to ensure that all substances involved in the process do not pose a threat to human health and the environment [2].

Considering the workplace's needs and circumstances, various technologies can be employed to achieve the desired final product. A selection process becomes necessary to evaluate and qualify the technologies and conditions for biomass transformation (**Figure 1**).

Given the variations in waste production percentages among countries, a strategy based on biomass humidity becomes even more crucial. This technological route can be extended by considering specific technologies suitable for treating particular biomass based on its moisture content.
