**Abstract**

Even today, the generation of chemicals and energy is still reliant on fossil-based resources in industrialized countries. Biomass could be a valuable renewable energy source that could reduce dependence on fossil fuels as well as provide a significant reduction of carbon dioxide and greenhouse gas emissions. In this scenario, residue from natural oil extraction units is uplifted to produce biofuels as replacement of fossil fuels. In the process of bio-refinery, well established technologies were presented. Those are thermochemical treatment (pyrolysis, liquefaction, gasification, etc.), anaerobic digestion, catalysis, etc. Especially, importance is given to pyrolysis as it is the feasible technique to utilize residue and to produce wealthy products. The role of intrinsic bio-polymers in quantity of final pyrolytic products was discussed. Major process parameters were critically elucidated, however, the investigation of advanced pyrolysis technologies requires further research.

**Keywords:** pyrolysis, biochar, oilseed residue, bio-polymers, temperature
