**7. Circular bioeconomy to the rescue**

The linear economic model operates on the norm of produce, use, and discard. Circular bioeconomy emulates nature's edict of circularity (Chapter 6 in [77]; Fig. 2 in [78]; Fig. 1 in [79]; [80]; Fig. 5 in [81]; [82]). In the circular model, there is no waste. "Waste" from one process is "resource" and "input" for another. Circular bioeconomy was described as embracing wasteless design, and management tactics that recycle so-called wastes into useful goods [83, 84]. One study estimated the menace imposed by linear methods on nature's worth at over one-half of global GDP (≈ US\$44 trillion). The study also indicated that more than US\$5.5 trillion in business opportunities and 163 million jobs could be generated by 2030 with the circular bioeconomy approach [84].
