**6. Key challenges of rare earth permanent magnets**

The performance and properties of magnets varies from magnets to magnet and batch to batch manufacturing. Design and development of suitable processing technique without losing the intrinsic magnetic properties is always a challenge. Further, consumption of critical rare earth elements for high coercivity low-cost magnets, increasing scarcity, price fluctuation and supply instability are the key factor. The cost ratio of rare earth permanent magnet is another challenge. Further the challenges and limitations associated with rare earth magnets are particularly regarding the availability of key rare earth elements.
