**Abstract**

Modern permanent magnets, such as neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) and samarium-cobalt (SmCo), have revolutionized many industries due to their high magnetic strength and stability. However, the production and disposal of modern permanent magnets have significant environmental impacts that must be addressed. To minimize these impacts, it is important to reduce our reliance on rare earth elements by developing alternative materials or improving recycling technologies. Because when modern permanent magnets reach the end of their useful life, they are often disposed of in landfills or incinerated. This can lead to the leaching of toxic metals into the environment or the release of harmful gases into the atmosphere. So, proper disposal methods should be implemented to prevent contamination of soil, water sources, and air. This chapter will explore the potential environmental impacts of modern permanent magnets, including their production, use, and disposal. It will also provide recommendations for minimizing these impacts.

**Keywords:** magnetic strength, environmental impacts, rare earth elements, recycling technologies, harmful gases
