**2. Recycling and disposal options of modern permanent magnets**

In recent years, researchers have been exploring new ways to make permanent magnets that are more environmentally friendly. These approaches include using alternative materials, such as iron and cobalt, and developing new manufacturing processes that reduce waste and energy consumption [5, 6]. By adopting these new methods, we can create sustainable permanent magnets that support our technological advances without damage. New ways to reduce environmental damage from permanent magnets include:
