**1. Introduction**

Autism There are many names for autism, including autism and rumination. Al-Karmi ([1]: 92) translated the term into Introversion, preoccupation with oneself, preoccupation with my desires and dreams today. As Baalbaki ([2]: 75) translated it into monotheism, meaning that he pushed too far in the imagination to escape

reality Hala Muhammad ([3]: 20) commented that from a linguistic point of view, the term autism is the best term used to express the phenomenon in the field of research Al-Fawzan ([4]: 43) explains that the term autism came from the Greek language, so in Greek Aut means soul, and ism in Greek means anomaly, and therefore the child with this condition is the person. The person who carries the abnormal soul. Leokanner first coined the term in 1943 AD when he distinguished a group of behavioral symptoms that appear in early childhood Samira al-Saadi ([5]: 11) suggests that the reason why Liucaner chose this name is due to the fact that the first salient feature is the weakness in the formation of normal social relations, which is the most prominent characteristic of these children, in addition to being a word that is not used much in the English language during conversation, It is for this reason that it is a single word in its meaning and use Several terms have been used to refer to this disorder, including, Develop sarcastic ego, Kanner syndrome,atypical kid, Abnormal growth – a ridiculous development, Abdullah ([6]: 12) reviews some of the terms that have been used to refer to autism, namely: childhood psychosis, childhood psychosis- Childhood schizophrenia He adds that since the time the American Psychiatric Association described the Clinical Diagnostic Panel for the disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-3: R & DSM-3) in the years (1978, 1980) respectively, considering it a developmental process disturbance (Developmental disorder) The disorder is no longer seen as psychosis, and the symptoms of autism and psychosis are no longer seen as synonymous, hence terms such as childhood unite.

Autism or infantile autism, child with autism closer to the term early infantile autism adopted by Liuchaner. Hody [7] pointed out that at a later time, the use of such terms declined, because a child with autism would progress in the advanced stages of life without fully recovering from the symptoms characteristic of autism, making it inappropriate to release it. These conditions apply to individuals who have passed childhood.

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4 (DSM-4) in 1994, it was called an autistic disorder, Qaryouti and others ([8]: 301) shows that these different nomenclatures reflect the historical development of autism and the different interests and specializations of professionals involved with the disorder. In addition, the use of a number of nomenclature has been due to the ambiguity and complexity of the differential diagnosis of autism The development of the concept of autistic disorder. Kanner in [9] recorded his observations about the behavior of a 5-year-old child, and in (1943) he presented his classic paper entitled (Autistic disturbances affective contact), Happe ([10]:7).

Malika ([11]: 259) mentions that Kaner considered the prominent sign in this fellowship to be the individual's inability to relate to people and situations in the normal way since the beginning of his life.. Since that time, many researchers have dealt with this disorder in an attempt to clarify the concept of autism Al-Khatib, Al-Hadidi ([12]: 156) mentions that at that time, autism was seen as a condition that affects children who come from educated families belonging to the socio-economic category of a good level The use of the term autism, which was used by Buller to describe one of the primary features of schizophrenia, and a preoccupation with oneself more than a preoccupation with the external environment caused confusion from the beginning in the concept of autism.

Malika ([11]: 260) mentions that Kanerkan believes that autism is a different kind of schizophrenia, but decided in (1949) that it is the most early manifestation of

#### *Unlocking Potential: Exploring the Impact of Selective Attention Training on Enhancing… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113055*

schizophrenia, and then returned to his first position after collecting many data indicating that autism and schizophrenia are two completely different conditions. Ritvo and Freeman [13] suggested that autism is a disorder or syndrome that is defined by behavior, and that the main symptoms must appear before the child reaches the age of (30) months and include a disturbance in the speed or sequence of growth, disturbance in sensory responses to stimuli, disorder of speech, language and cognitive capacity and disturbance in attachment or belonging to people, events and subjects, ([14]: 18).

This definition was adopted by the National Society for Autistic Children: NSAC, and it is considered the most acceptable among professionals. It was adopted by Al-Qayruti and others ([8]: 312) and Al-Shammari and Al-Sartawi ([15]: 5).

Fabrnov and Chia also presented a definition of autism as not having the ability to understand ([16]: 69) knew that autism is a term that refers to being closed in on oneself, immersed in thinking, weak ability to pay attention, weak ability to communicate and establish social relationships with others, as well as excessive motor activity.

Autism is defined in the tenth revision of the International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Diseases (The ICD-10 Classification Mental and Behavioral Disorders) in [17]. Abnormalities in three areas are social interaction, communication, and repetitive restricted behavior (p. 266).

According to the American Autism Society, it is defined as a developmental disability that always appears in the first three years of life, as a result of neurological disorders that affect brain functions, interfere with normal development and affect mental activities in areas of thinking, social interaction, and communication. The British Association also defines autism as a deficit that hinders the development of social skills, verbal and nonverbal communication, and creative and imaginative play [18].

Hamdan ([19]: 7) defines autism as a disorder in brain functions that males suffer four times more than females. As it is not restricted to an age group or type of people, it may appear in all ages, races and classes. It is also clear that it is a dysfunction of the nervous system whose causes have not been conclusively determined by science until now, and that it is not slow or delayed in growth, but rather an anomaly and a deviation from the normal stages of growth.
