**8. AI applications for personalized learning experiences in special needs education: a literature review**

Artificial Intelligence (AI) holds immense potential to revolutionize education, particularly in the domain of special needs learners. This literature review aims to explore the current research on how AI can be used to personalize learning experiences for learners with special needs. By leveraging AI algorithms and data analysis techniques, educational systems can adapt and tailor teaching methods to cater to the unique requirements and abilities of special needs learners. With this literature, the researcher systematically searched various academic databases, including IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, and Google Scholar, using keywords such as "artificial intelligence," "personalized learning," "special needs," and "education." Articles published between 2010 and 2021 were considered for the review. The results reveal that;

#### **8.1 Individual learning plans (ILPs)**

AI-based systems facilitate the creation of individualized learning plans that cater to the needs and strengths of learners with disabilities. These plans can adjust the curriculum, teaching styles, and pace of learning to ensure optimal engagement and comprehension [23].

#### **8.2 Adaptive learning systems**

AI-powered adaptive learning systems have the ability to automatically adapt the content, difficulty, and pacing of lessons based on real-time data feedback from learners. Such systems help learners with special needs to receive targeted support while progressing through their educational journey [24].

#### **8.3 Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS)**

Intelligent tutoring systems employ AI-driven algorithms to establish a personalized tutoring experience for special needs learners. These systems analyze each learner's performance, identify knowledge gaps, and subsequently deliver custommade interventions and feedback [25].

#### **8.4 Augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) applications**

AI combined with AR and VR technologies enhances the learning experiences of special needs learners by providing immersive and interactive environments tailored to their individual needs. These technologies offer personalized, engaging, and accessible learning experiences [26, 27].

#### **8.5 Social and emotional learning (SEL) support**

AI systems can recognize and interpret students' emotions, providing personalized feedback and interventions to support their social and emotional development. Such systems contribute to the creation of a supportive and inclusive learning environment for students with special needs [28, 29].

This literature review highlights the potential of AI in personalizing learning experiences for learners with special needs. The applications discussed, including individual learning plans, adaptive learning systems, intelligent tutoring systems, AR/VR, and SEL support, demonstrate the capability of AI to address the diverse needs of special needs learners. By leveraging AI technologies, educators and policymakers can significantly enhance the learning outcomes and experiences and ensure inclusivity in special education settings.
