**3. Methodology**

In this review chapter we have used a library researches in which a lot of main studies, researches and books have been used for investigation of learning in children with autism spectrum disorder. According to researches and studies sensory integration and family-based intervention can lead to better cognition and perception that are necessary for education and learning for example: Ayres [27] has applied sensory integration techniques in the form of group rehabilitation for children with autism spectrum disorder and the findings show that sensory integration techniques can activate the vestibular and tactile and proprioceptive systems which can lead to better cognitive functions in academic skills. He showed that sensory integration techniques can be effective in learning [27]. Rafei [29] has studied about the role of massage therapy (as one of the sensory integration methods) in improvement of children with autism spectrum disorder. Their findings showed that massage can lead to learning of motor control in the environment [29].

Moghaddam et al. [2] have studied about the role of family-based art therapy program on the improvement of autism spectrum disorder symptoms and the results showed that the family activities in the art therapy programs can lead to better communication with environment and also control of the stereotypical behaviors. Also, they showed that art therapy modalities as a sensory integration techniques can enrich the learning environment of these children [2].

Moghaddam and Mohammadi have studied about family art therapy program in which family paintings techniques can be effective on better improvements of social skill training learning [30].

Chitgarzadeh et al. have investigated about mental health in the mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder and the results showed that any program in which parents are activated will be effective in children's learning and Improvement of depression and anxiety in their mothers [31].

Rajabi Behjat has investigated an art therapy program on the social skill training in students which autism spectrum disorder and the findings showed that art therapy can lead to better environment for their learning [32].

*Autism Spectrum Disorder: Learning Environments DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113751*

Bahman Zadeh et al. have investigated the effect of social skill training on behaviors and social development of children with autism spectrum disorder and the results showed that family-based social skill training program can be effective on the social development of these children [33].

Samadi and Mcconkey have spoken about the importance of family role in families with autism spectrum disorder [34]. Wall has studied about the effect of family-based training programs for parents of children with autism spectrum disorder and the results showed that in this programs children with autism spectrum disorder can learn better [35].

Case Smith has investigated about the sensory integration disorders and she has explained that autism spectrum disorder is one of the disorders in which sensory integration systems such as vestibular, tactile and proprioceptive should be activated for better learning in their life environment [17]. Farahbod has emphasized in her book titled "Occupational Therapy for Mental Retardation" that visibular, tactile and proprioceptive systems with and without visual system can be effective in learning process of all of the exceptional children such as autism spectrum disorder [28]. Khodammi et al. have investigated that family-based puppet therapy in which mothers play with their autistic children can lead to better social skills leaning in their life environment [36].

### **4. Conclusion**

As mentioned before autism spectrum disorder is one of the most strange disorders in the children. According to the neuropsychological studies and researches, autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder in which the brain's function will be affected. Some parts of these children's brain can work well and other parts may have impairments in their function. In the learning process, we can observe transferring and registration in the students and finally the generalization of the educated materials will be occurred. But, in the children with autism spectrum disorder, learning process can have delay or may be rapid due to the level of disorder. Also, the autistic children's abilities are different from each others. Their brain function are different and some brain lobes activity are not coordinated with the others. Another issue in their learning, is the role of family members especially their parents. If the educations are family-centered or familybased, the learning will be better. Therefore, we need to dynamic role of their parents. They can be trained with interventions such as ABA (applied behavioral analyses), art therapy, massage therapy, PECS, TEACCH and etc. If these interventions are educated in a family-centered way, the children with autism spectrum disorder's learning will be occurred rapidly and they can learn better than previous. One of the other interventions which can be effective in the learning process of these children is sensory integration, which its techniques can be applied alone by therapist or can be educated to parents as family-based intervention. In this intervention the three main systems as: vestiular, tactile and proprioceptive will be reinforced via systematic exercises by therapist, then their symptoms will be reduced and the children with autism spectrum disorder's learning will be improved. Therefore, for better learning, application of sensory integration techniques and family-based programs beside the other autism spectrum disorder training methods in training environments such as preschools and schools should be concentrated. **Figures 4–11** are the family-based art therapy techniques that we have applied for these children at exceptional school ad clinic.

#### **Figure 4.**

*Family-based painting in Maziar (one of my clients) teen with autism spectrum disorder who has a lot of sensory problems.*

*Autism Spectrum Disorder: Learning Environments DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113751*

#### **Figure 6.**

*Family-based painting of Jina (one of my clients) a girl with autism spectrum disorder who has a lot of sensory problems.*

#### **Figure 7.**

*Family-based painting of Davood (one of my clients) a boy with autism spectrum disorder who has a lot of sensory problems.*

#### **Figure 8.**

 *Family-based painting of Moammad Amin (one of my clients) a boy with autism spectrum disorder who has a lot of sensory problems.* 

#### **Figure 9.**  *Design activity in which sensory integration will be reinforced .*

*Autism Spectrum Disorder: Learning Environments DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113751*

 **Figure 10.**  *Design activity in which sensory integration will be reinforced.* 

 **Figure 11.**  *Design activity in which sensory integration will be reinforced.* 
