**6. Behavior of phenolic in soil salinity**

Increased salinity affects primary carbon metabolism, plant growth and development by osmotic stress, mineral deficiencies, ion toxicity, and physiological and biochemical disturbances. In general, the effect of salinity on plant growth and development is greatly reduced by the presence of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds have been shown to reduce the uptake of sodium and other cations, thereby reducing the amount of cations in the soil. Phenolic compounds can also increase the availability of phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, and calcium, which can help to reduce soil salinity. Phenolic compounds can also reduce the amount of bicarbonate and chloride ions in the soil, thereby reducing soil salinity [78].

Phenolic compounds are known to have a strong ability to absorb and react to soil salinity. They are capable of binding and immobilizing ions, including sodium, which helps to reduce the salinity of the soil. These compounds can also reduce the amount of cations present in the soil, which helps to reduce soil salinity [79]. These compounds can also form complexes with other compounds in the soil, preventing them from taking up and dissolving in the soil water, thereby reducing the salinity of the soil.
