**Abstract**

*Chlamydia trachomatis* infections are the most commonly encountered sexually transmitted disease worldwide. Multiple partners and failure to use condoms are the well-defined risk factors. A significant proportion of females are asymptomatic. Treatment modalities such as a single 1-g dose of azithromycin orally, or doxycycline 100 mg twice per day for 7 days have been widely used for noncomplicated genital infections. However, untreated *C. trachomatis* infections can cause late complications, including salpingitis, ectopic pregnancy, and female factor infertility. Screening is a possible strategy to control asymptomatic cases and women at increased risk of infection in a proportional group of women.

**Keywords:** *Chlamydia trachomatis*, sexually transmitted diseases, women genital infections, female infertility, screening
