**Abstract**

Chlamydia infections are common infections that are transmitted through sexual *C. pneumonia* is a pathogen that causes different acute and chronic infections. Due to the increase in biological knowledge and the use of more sensitive and specific techniques in the detection of the pathogen in recent years, it is thought that *C. pneumonia* has a role in various cardiovascular and central nervous system (CNS) diseases. There is increasing evidence that *C. pneumonia* may have a role in various chronic neurologic diseases, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). *C. pneumonia* crosses the blood-brain barrier via monocytes and triggers neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. Various diagnostic methods (molecular, histopathologic, and culture) have shown the presence of *C. pneumonia* in patients with late-onset AD dementia. It is thought that *C. pneumonia* may be a cofactor in the development of MS disease by causing chronic permanent brain infection in MS patients. There are also reports of *C. pneumonia* causing other CNS diseases such as Guillaine Barre syndrome, encephalitis/meningoencephalitis, and cerebellar ataxia. In this section, the relationship between Chlamydia infections and neurological diseases will be discussed based on scientific research.

**Keywords:** Chlamydia, neuroinflamation, stroke, neurologic disease, chlamydia infection
