**1. Introduction**

*Chlamydia trachomatis* is the most commonly seen bacterial sexually transmitted infection worldwide. Studies have shown that women between 16 and 19 years have the highest prevalence of the infection [1]. On the other hand, it has also been reported that the true incidence and prevalence of the infection among women population is not well described [2] According to the WHO (World Health Organization) data, while annually about 100 million new cases have been registered, the majority of women with genital tract infections remains asymptomatic and undiagnosed [2]. Therefore, in a large group of women with chlamydia infection, treatment is neglected or delayed, which can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), ectopic pregnancy, preterm labor, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain. Additionally, untreated chlamydial infection during labor can be vertically transmitted, which may cause conjunctivitis and pneumonitis in infants [1, 3]. Obviously, it is very important to diagnose and identify chlamydial infection in women accurately and rapidly. Prompt and effective antibiotic treatment can prevent patients from the mentioned serious complications [3]. Moreover, it has been reported that the treatment of chlamydial infections and related complications has a tremendous impact on health services in several countries [2, 3].

All together this information clearly shows that it is essential to diagnose and properly treat infected women and their partners. Nowadays, screening programs performed by both gynecologists and urologist are strongly suggested. However,

more importantly, physicians dealing with sexually transmitted diseases should have sufficient experience and knowledge to effectively treat chlamydial infection and associated complications.
