**3.5 Challenges in developing countries in the field of health and economic risk assessments and guidelines for overcoming them**

Little data exist on the human health impacts of urban noise pollution in developing countries [61]. Communities have little knowledge of impacts of noise exposure on human health, which is demonstrated by their ignorance of this threat [62]. The objective of this section is to establish and/or strengthen national and local programmes which monitor the health and economic impacts of environmental noise exposure in a harmonized way.

'Challenges' to achieving this objective include [63–67]:


'Guidelines' for overcoming main challenges of health and economic risk assessments include [16, 19]:

