**4. Conclusions**

Environmental noise pollution is growing in developing countries because of an increase in the levels of urbanization, industrialization, and transportation systems. The degree of environmental noise exposure of urban populations is directly related to the level of society's development. Environmental noise and the noise impact on communities will increase if appropriate interventions are not considered. It is the

responsibility of Governments to promulgate, implement and enforce strong environmental noise strategies, policies, laws, and regulations, which are suitable to control of environmental noise. If Governments fail to do so, it will be impossible to prevent a continuous increase in environmental noise pollution, and they will be ineffective to develop an environmental noise management system. The aim of environmental noise management is to maintain low-noise soundscapes that protect human and animal health.

This chapter reviews the challenges in developing countries with respect to environmental noise policies, governance, noise emission, noise modeling, mapping, and monitoring, the assessment of health and economic risks, and the mechanisms for financing environmental noise management. Guidelines are presented to create a strategic approach for environmental noise management suitable for developing countries that will help overcome these challenges.
