**2. Naval nuclear propulsion**

Naval nuclear propulsion refers to using nuclear reactors to power ships and submarines. Nuclear propulsion provides several advantages over conventional propulsion systems, including greater range, faster speeds, and reduced dependence on refueling.

Admiral Hyman G. Rickover played a crucial role in establishing the US nuclear navy. He was a naval engineer who saw the potential of nuclear power as a means of propulsion for ships. He pushed for and oversaw the development of the first nuclearpowered submarine, the USS Nautilus, which became operational in 1954. Rickover's tireless work and leadership led to the widespread adoption of nuclear power in the US Navy, making it the world's first nuclear navy and establishing the US as a leader in naval technology. He was known for his uncompromising standards and attention to detail, which helped ensure nuclear-powered vessels'safe and reliable operation [1].

Naval nuclear reactors are similar in design to land-based reactors, but they must be highly compact and rugged to withstand the harsh conditions of maritime operations. The reactors use enriched uranium fuel rods to generate heat, producing steam that drives turbines and propellers. Unlike conventional diesel-electric propulsion systems, nuclear reactors do not require air to generate power, making them ideal for use in submarines that can remain underwater for extended periods.

The use of nuclear propulsion in the military is highly regulated and subject to strict safety and security standards. In addition, nuclear propulsion systems must be designed to withstand the impact of an enemy attack and to prevent the release of radioactive material in the event of an accident.

Many navies, including the United States and several other countries, have widely adopted naval nuclear propulsion. Nuclear propulsion has enabled these navies to maintain a strong and flexible presence at sea and respond to a wide range of military and humanitarian missions.
