**3.3 Agile fault classification**

In order to achieve the agile fault classification, the comparative optimizers of GWO, particle swarm algorithm (PSO), enetic algorithm (GA) and IGWO have been employed for parameter optimization of the SVM prediction model. The four optimizer parameters are set to a population size of 20 and a number of iterations of 100. Then, the range of the SVM model parameters is set to [0.01, 100].
