**8. Sputnik V**

Gam-COVID-Vac, developed by the Russia's Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, is composed of two vector vaccines, based on rAd type 26 (rAd26) and rAd type 5 (rAd5)—both of which express the full-length spike protein (rAd26-S and rAd5-S). Both rAd26-S and rAd5-S are injected intramuscularly separately after 3 weeks interval. The results of the phase 1/2 clinical trials revealed the vaccine safety and immunogenicity in the healthy individuals. Therefore, the vaccine was authorized in Russia in accordance with the national laws. In a randomized, controlled phase 3 trial in Russia, including 21,862 participants, they detected the anti-RBD specific IgG titers, neutralizing antibody titers, and cellular immune response. The proposed regimen of vaccination generates both B cell and T cell responses, with 91·6% efficacy against SARS-CoV-2. The vaccine is preserved and dispersed at −18°C but storage at 2–8°C, an optimum temperature for worldwide supply, has also been licensed by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation [51].
