**3.1 Recommendations**

Even though SOEs are not perfect in the application compliance and accountability mechanisms, these elements pressured governments all over the world to turn their attention back to enhancing SOE performance. Despite widespread privatization, SOEs' Function and Value Governments still own and run national commercial companies in crucial industries including finance, infrastructure, manufacturing, energy, and natural resources. State-owned industries have persisted and even grown in many low- and middle-income nations, significant emerging market economies, and high-income nations. A considerable number of SOEs are currently among the biggest investors, businesses, and participants in the capital markets worldwide. SOEs in vital industries are increasingly seen as instruments for faster development and international expansion in many nations. South African government must learn lessons from the progressive global SOEs and improve their performance.

Lessons can also be learned from other African and global SOEs on the employment of competent and specialized managers in risk, accounting, and other operations. The government in its new path of renewal must provide continuous training to the managers, executives, and nonexecutives charged to manage the SOEs.

They must match and place employees well in the suitable positions. It is also imperative for government to introduce a merit-based cadre deployment of encumberments to improve their skills and performance.

Integrity institutions and the justice system need to upscale their capacity and pace of correcting the wrongdoings as findings of the investigation on the alleged corruption and mismanagement of funds in the SOEs, by strengthening the prosecution and instilling ethical culture and compliance measurements in the SOEs.

External forces such as political interference impact the business of SOEs and can only be minimized when risk assessment is prioritized. The SOEs must hire qualified and skilled risk managers to assess and manage risk and compliance at all phases of major projects such as infrastructure, roads, and energy. Evidence on the mistakes of limited oversight and risk management can provide lessons from the energy side by Eskom risk managers who failed to estimate future shortages of energy and power supply of electricity in South Africa.
