*A Conceptual Framework for Researching Disruptive Innovation and Innovative Business Models DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111808*

Further, Booyens [5] asserts that to be meaningful, any innovation output should be economically viable, and this entails marketing and commercialisation of the innovation to attract *public support*. One also hopes that the financial gain is rechannelled into research and development. In sum, the output should be turned into an outcome. Oerlemans and Pretorius [68] have found no relationship between innovation outputs and innovation outcomes. Moving on from theory to practice, Cordeiro and Vieira [72] have discussed barriers to innovation in different European countries and one African country (Uganda). Generally, they point out internal (within the organisation) and external barriers (outside the organisation). More specifically, they point out the government regulatory environment, economic and financial factors, as well as human resources as constraints to innovation. **Table 2** shows a comparison of barriers to innovation across 14 selected countries including South Africa. Common barriers to innovation across countries include a limited or an absent regulatory environment and internal factors.
