**8. Conclusion**

Post-apartheid South Africa has probably put the wrong foot (entrepreneurship) in front of innovation, and yet the latter is fundamental. We argue that the emphasis should be innovation particularly disruptive and open innovation ahead of entrepreneurship. An emphasis on entrepreneurship is wrong because it implies defaulting to incremental innovation and hence competing with the pioneers of the product or service. It could be this lack of competitive edge that explains the high failure rate or discontinuance rate of South African new business ventures. The problem of innovation should be looked at in the light of the mathematics and science challenges the country is facing. Could it be that if we resolved this then innovation particularly disruptive innovation will also fall in place? Second, focusing on the product or service and neglecting innovation in the way we do business implies we can have an output but not the outcome. In this sense, the outcome should be commercialising the product or service arising out of innovation. In this case, then we need innovative business models that speak to the context. In this paper, we argue for disruptive innovation and innovative business models.
