**8. Contributions of the study**

This study supported the academia by offering initial references on OSH issues pertaining to the P-hailing sector. In specific, theoretical implications include a better understanding of the specific risks and hazards faced by the P-hailing delivery riders, as well as the factors that contribute to those risks. This knowledge can then be used to inform the development of interventions and policies aimed at reducing those risks and improving the overall safety and health of the sector.

Managerial implications include the need for the P-hailing companies to take a proactive approach to identifying and addressing the risks and hazards faced by their deliverers. This may involve implementing policies and procedures to protect riders, such as providing training and education on safe riding practices and providing personal protective equipment. It may also involve implementing technology solutions to improve rider safety, such as GPS tracking and communication systems.

Moreover, it also implies that P-hailing business providers should also conduct regular safety assessments, in order to identify and mitigate potential hazards and to ensure that riders are adequately protected and provided with safe working conditions. Additionally, it may be necessary to work with other organizations and stakeholders, such as government agencies and labor unions, to create a safe working environment for food/parcel delivery riders.
