Preface

This book is a collection of chapters on trauma surgery. It is divided into two sections with chapters focusing on different clinical specialties.

In Section 1, Chapter 1, "Abdominal Trauma," Sözen et al. discuss abdominal trauma.

Chapter 2, "Appropriate Protective Measures for the Prevention of Animal-related Goring Injuries" by Ashok Kumar Puranik and Althea Vency Cardoz discusses the types and treatment of animal attack injuries. Animal attack injuries are seen all over the world. Other than a few case reports and case series, this mode of injury is highly underreported. Hence, the global burden of animal attack injuries is unknown.

Chapter 3, "Management of Duodenal Injuries" by José Miguel Aceves-Ayala et al., examines duodenal injuries and their importance.

Chapter 4, "Ultrasound-Empowered Trauma Management" by Mohammad Meshkini, emphasizes the importance of using ultrasonography in trauma patients.

Chapter 5, "OCD of the Knee in Adolescents" by Andrey Semenov et al., focuses on osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the knee. The last stage of OCD is the separation of the osteochondral fragment, leaving a full-thickness osteochondral defect that is usually filled with low-quality fibrocartilaginous tissue. This tissue provides weak resistance to peak loading forces, which puts the patient at risk of further destruction of the subchondral bone and the development of early osteoarthritis.

Chapter 6, "Distal Femoral Fractures" by Alberto Jorge-Mora et al., discusses new techniques for treating femoral fractures in elderly and younger patients.

In Section 2, Chapter 7, "Perspective Chapter: The Complex Architecture of a Traumatic Brain Injury", Leighton J. Reynolds draws attention to traumatic brain injuries from different points of view.

I thank the authors for their professional dedication and outstanding work in summarizing their clinical and research practices.

> **Selim Sözen** Associate Professor of General Surgery, Sözen Surgery Clinic, Tekirdağ, Turkey

**1**

Section 1

Clinical Cases
