**3. Complications of hemodialysis**

The technique of hemodialysis, especially with the recent developments in the technology of HD machines, is still associated with several acute and chronic complications, such as intradialytic hypotension, hypertension, fluid retention, risk of bleeding (among other hematological complications), muscle cramps, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. "*Updates on Hemodialysis*" reviews and updates the reader on these complications, and some iatrogenic errors such as hypernatremia, iron overload, pseudoaneurysm, and air embolism. Hemodialysis patients also suffer from and are affected by different psychological stresses upon starting dialysis and during the course of treatment, which affect different lifestyle changes. The "*Updates on Hemodialysis*" describes the most common psychosocial issues among patients on hemodialysis treatment.
