*2.1.4 Sudden death*

Cardiac arrest is more common in elderly, diabetes, and patient using central venous catheters [5].

Aetiology is complex and related to pre-existing cardiac disease coupled with uremic milieu, that is inappropriate management of fluid volume and inadequate uremic toxins clearance [3, 4].

When sudden cardiac arrest occurs during dialysis, an immediate decision is to be made whether it is due to intrinsic cardiac disease or technical errors like air embolism, line disconnection, or sterilant in the dialyzer [5].

If no obvious cause is identified, blood should not be returned to patient. Standard CPR should be performed.
