**7. Conclusion**

The knowledge of the large genomic data including the role of oncogenes, protooncogenes as well as tumor suppressor genes has markedly improved the understanding of the pathogenesis of lung cancers to develop more effective targeted therapies. The recent development in molecular testing technologies has led to the identification of genetic alterations. In addition to the above-mentioned molecular biomarkers, efforts are going on in an extensive manner to identify additional aberrations that can be further explored and used in the targeted therapy of lung cancer. This will further help to improve the available treatment strategies, tailor targeted therapies, and provide newer treatment avenues.

*Molecular Histopathology and Cytopathology*
