**10. Tumor markers**

Tumor markers are products of malignant tumors tar fun be detected in the cells themselves or in blood and body fluids.

Usefulness:


Types of markers (Table): These may be tumor-associated hormones, oncofetal antigens, specific proteins, mucin and glycoproteins, enzymes, and molecular markers. Molecular diagnosis:

Molecular diagnosis can be done by different techniques such as FISH technique and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis.
