**2.6 Treatment**

The goal of treating a septic patient is to:


Administration of the proper antimicrobial medication for "source control" is a component of treating the original infection. Source control refers to the management of pathogens that, if left untreated, would render antimicrobial therapy ineffective. This includes surgical treatment of surgical infections, removal of catheters (such as central venous catheters or bladder catheters, if the infection is caused by their presence), drainage, etc. After receiving a diagnosis, it is advised to check the outbreak within 6 hours. All measures should be carried out right once because delaying the start of antimicrobial therapy is linked to a higher mortality rate when septic shock is present.

The diagnostic and therapeutic tools available in the intensive care unit (ICU) support the maintenance of vital functions and the restoration of the homeostasis that is based on them [6].

A few examples include constant monitoring of essential bodily functions, extrarenal clearance, and mechanical support for breathing. Admission to the intensive care unit is required when organ dysfunction, which happens in septic shock, is found. The therapy of the septic patient includes several crucial steps, including hemodynamic stabilization and resuscitation. Restoring tissue hypoxia in septic patients is important because it affects their prognosis. Cardiac output, arterial blood hemoglobin saturation, and hemoglobin value are variables that determine the amount of oxygen given. As a result, good management of these parameters enhances the oxygen supply. Restoring preload and myocardial contractility is a part of optimizing cardiac output in this situation. The delivery of a suitable quantity of intravenous crystalloid solutions and the injection of inotropic drugs, such as dobutamine, when necessary, are the ways to accomplish these objectives. The accomplishment of blood pressure enough for the irrigation of peripheral organs runs parallel to the optimization of cardiac output. As long as intravascular volume restoration is insufficient, the aim is to keep mean arterial pressure at 65 mm Hg by administering vasoconstrictor drugs like noradrenaline. While the restoration of the hemoglobin concentration is accomplished with the transfusion of packed red blood cells, the arterial blood's hemoglobin saturation is ensured through the provision of oxygen or mechanical ventilation. Hydrocortisone, which helps reverse shock more quickly but does not improve prognosis, may be explored if hypotension persists despite efforts to address the aforementioned variables. Its administration is theoretically justified by the fact that septic shock patients exhibit "relative" cortico-adrenal insufficiency. The resuscitation of the septic patient should be quantified and targeted toward achieving specified hemodynamic targets. The so-called early goal-directed therapy (EGDT), which is regarded as an efficient and secure resuscitation technique and is advised in international standards, is the most pervasive embodiment of this viewpoint (Surviving Sepsis Guidelines) [7].
