**4.1 Rail: door-to-door mixed transport of ComplexTrans system makes the rail a backbone of ground transport**

The double-deck ComplexTrans trains operate at 230 km/h between terminals about 50 km apart at short intervals (3–15 min) and carry passengers, coupemobiles and freight in mobile transport modules, enabling door-to-door transport of passengers and freight (**Figure 12**).

The mixed transport of passengers and freight and the high frequency of trains will create a self-financing [5]. European backbone transport system similar in nature to ferry shipping (**Figure 13**). If about 10% of the European rail network (TEN-T corridors, approx. 20,000 km) is adapted to the ComplexTrans rail transport system, a transport system capable of accommodating all current transport needs in Europe in volume terms will be created. However, in order to bring the transport system sufficiently close to the transport needs, the ComplexTrans system will have to be implemented on about a quarter of the European rail network (approx. 50,000 km, approx. *ComplexTrans Total Ground Mobility Solution Based on Mutual Adaptation and Deep… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110184*

#### **Figure 12.**

 *Small compartments for 2/1 or 4/2 seated/lying persons on the upper floor allow comfortable individual transport day and night. Compartments not occupied by passengers are used for the transport of delivery boxes. On the lower floor, passenger transport in own coupemobiles or passenger transport modules as well as cargo transport in freight transport modules is possible. The flexible combination of passenger/freight transport ensures full capacity utilisation and self-financing of ComplexTrans trains.* 

#### **Figure 13.**

 *The ComplexTrans network of fast trains resembles "land ferries" that traverse Europe, taking everything passengers, passengers with their cars, freight transport modules with goods and fast rail wagons with bulky or heavy cargo.* 

1000 terminals). Even at this scale, ComplexTrans will be fully self-financing, with transport prices comparable to or lower than today's market prices.

It can be said that ComplexTrans more than meets the EU/EC's objective of shifting the majority of freight and passenger transport to rail in order to reduce both energy intensity and CO2 emissions. Importantly, this task can be met by ComplexTrans without any restrictions on road and air transport and without operating subsidies in favour of rail transport. It is sufficient for the EU/EC to support only the initial development and evolution of the system and then the rail system will transform itself into the backbone of European transport. ComplexTrans also helps to protect against the spread of contagious diseases in public transport.
