*2.3.2.2 Lateral force (YR)*

The lateral force YR describes the horizontal force component that arises in a track curve on the outer wheel of a bogie in the leading wheelset. On the basis of a multiplebody simulation (MBS) YR can be determined. Representing the case of a typical turnout (for Austria EW190-1:9: single turnout at an inclination 1:9 and radius of the junction of 190 m) and calculating YR values for damage term D5 at 40 kmph, a scurve with radii 190 m was used in the MBS. In this s-curve no cant or transition curves, but an intermediate straight line of 6 m were used to ensure a representative simulation of a vehicle's run through a turnout. Due to the s-curve, both the left and right wheel run on the outside of the curve. Two YR values (left and right) are therefore produced within one simulation. The higher value of both is considered for the TDM [21].

As not only damage term D5 (turnout wear) depends on the lateral force but also D7 (track renewal), an MBS is done also for tracks representing radius class R1 to R4. In this MBS a cant was implemented, so that the lateral acceleration is constantly 0.85 m/s2 in each radius class. As a reference for the classification (R1 to R4) of the track curves, radii in the amount of 215, 315, 500 and 800 m were chosen. The YR was simulated at the reference speed of each radii class and for both, powered and unpowered wheelsets. **Table 3** gives an overview of the input parameters that were chosen for the MBS and calculating YR.
