**Abstract**

Safety is a core concern in the railway operation. Particularly, in Europe, level crossing (LX) safety is one of the most critical issues for railways. LX accidents often lead to fatalities and weighted injuries and seriously hamper railway safety reputation. Moreover, according to statistics, collisions between trains and motorized vehicles contribute most to LX accidents. With this in mind, we will elaborate on accident prediction modeling for train-vehicle collisions at LXs in this chapter. The methods and findings discussed in this chapter will offer an in-depth insight for interpreting significant aspects underlying collision occurrence and facilitate identifying technical countermeasures to improve LX safety.

**Keywords:** level crossing safety, train-vehicle collisions, accident prediction modeling, nonlinear least-squares method, negative binomial regression method, Poisson regression method, zero-inflated Poisson regression method, zero-inflated negative binomial regression method, model performance evaluation
