**3.3 Future considerations**

Moisture content in spray-dried powder can influence the overall product stability. Higher feed flow rates potentially result in undesirably high water content. Furthermore, the glass transition temperature has been linked with feed flow rate in similar manners as the residual moisture acts as a plasticizer, increasing molecular mobility at lower storage temperatures [43]. Therefore, lower moisture content in dry powders exhibits better long-term stability for protein [44]. Further investigation is needed toward evaluating the powder quality, including comparison of the moisture content, which shall be considered as an added critical output response in future studies. Also, in later strategies and assessments, a long-term stability study of the storage capabilities of the powder should be investigated.

Spray drying is ideal for food-grade material production, like animal-derived recombinant growth factors that are a crucial component of the serum-free media for CCM production. Since cost reduction of growth factors is important for the ultimate success of cell-cultured meat [45], the production should be tailored to this given industry. Foodgrade media with lowered associated costs that could still maintain cell proliferation and differentiation at a larger scale would be considered as a success. Later, translation of this application to pilot scale and then eventually to industrial scale will be needed to ensure feasibility to hand the process over to a larger spray drying production.
