**6. Conclusions**

Pharmaceutical drying is a critical step in drug manufacturing, aiming to remove moisture and maintain product stability and efficacy.

Different drying methods like air drying, vacuum drying, freeze-drying, and spray drying are used based on specific product requirements.

The efficiency of pharmaceutical drying is influenced by factors such as physical and chemical properties, temperature, time, pressure, humidity, and solvent properties.

Challenges in pharmaceutical drying include product stability, potency loss, residual solvents, and formation of amorphous or crystalline solids.

Strategies for overcoming these challenges involve process optimization, the use of drying aids, control of drying parameters, and formulation considerations.

Quality control measures including monitoring residual moisture and solvent levels, characterizing dried products, and adhering to regulatory standards are crucial for ensuring the final product**'**s quality and safety.
