**4. Conclusions**

As a result of the described studies, the role of ambient fine particles in the development of the eosinophilic non-allergic phenotype of bronchial asthma in adults (18–65 years old) has been proven. The hypothesis about different underlying mechanisms in response to exposure to particulate matter for various phenotypes of bronchial asthma was confirmed. Differences in the immune patterns of the allergic and eosinophilic non-allergic phenotypes of bronchial asthma were established. With a comparable high level of the absolute number of eosinophils in the blood, pronounced features of the T2-endotype were observed in patients with an allergic phenotype. With a non-allergic phenotype, there was a lesser intensity of T2-type inflammation, as well as increased expression of genes of T17-type cytokines, being related to the mass of the deposited aerosol. It has been shown that the estimation of bacterial endotoxin concentrations could be recommended as the most preferable method to characterize the microbiological contamination of atmospheric aerosol in epidemiological studies. Approaches to decision-making in the development of population programs for the prevention of bronchial asthma and in the selection of personalized recommendations for patients with different phenotypes of bronchial asthma were determined. Currently, the treatment of bronchial asthma is based on the use of drugs that can suppress the activity of certain cytokines. The data obtained in the study might become a starting point for the development of new personalized approaches to the treatment and secondary prevention of bronchial asthma associated with air pollution by fine aerosols.
