**1. Introduction**

Alginate is a polysaccharide distributed widely in the cell wall of brown algae, including *Laminaria* and *Ascophyllum* species. Polysaccharides are made of several repeating units of monosaccharides, which decide the overall structure and properties of a cell. The Alginate is often chemically reacted with water to make various gum pastes, ideal for creating molds of dental impressions, hands, feet, or other small-scale items [1]. Alginate contains a unique property to hold upwards of 200 to 300 times its own weight in water, making it a naturally gelling substance. The Alginate can adapt to the helpful thickness to perform applications – making it a diverse product for use, thickening or pharmaceutical, development of medicine & medical application. In the field of treatment, a broad range of polysaccharides are being used, while

biodegradable polysaccharides are more useful [1, 2]. Brown algae are synthesized primarily of alginates, a carbohydrate polymer present in the form of a water-insoluble composition of magnesium, sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of alginic acid that are all structural participants of brown seaweed cell walls. They are all structural participants that react as unbranched binary polymers made up of 1,4 bonds between b-d-Mannuronic (M) and a-1-Glucuronic (G) acids [2]. The alginates composition is based on the source and varies with G: M ratio. This is also be altered in wide varieties by varying molecular weight, G: M ratio, particle form, volume fraction, and cation availability. Researcher Edward Stanford first used alginates in 1883, and development at the commercial level commenced in 1927 [2, 3]. Alginate production worldwide has now risen to about forty-one tonnes per annum. Pharmaceutical, food, cosmetic and dental industries are extensively used alginates. In the current scenario, the medicine, dental, and pharma industries have become incredibly influential in biomolecules, especially alginates [4]. Alginate has a well-known identity and applications in the domain of pharma industries for its special appearance in drug delivery, wound healing, dermatology, and scaffolds because of their nature, including natural disintegration, gel formation, biocompatibility, and nontoxic [4]. Alginate is act as the natural gum that has an benefit over biosynthetic polymers because they make hydrogels, are readily accessible, and are cost-effective. Alginate can be orally administered into the body in a less invasive manner, enabling a wide range of medical applications. Alginate gels are useful for cell transplantation and tissue engineering to replace organs in patients who have lost or failed organs or tissue [5].
