**4. Conclusions**

Alginate are found to have promising properties including mucoadesiveness, gelling, sol-gel transition and swelling characteristics. Owing to these advantages, they can hired in the system of controlled drug delivery or sustained release drug delivery and novel drug delivery systems including liposomes, microcapsules, microspheres, nanoparticles, hydrogels, metrices, membranes, tablets, cochleates and supersaturation drug delivery. Alginate has plenty of applications in the area of biotechnology (immobilization of biological agents), environmental contaminants treatments, biomedical (wound dressings, bone regeneration, neovascularization, cellular and protein), and pharmaceuticals (raft formulation, oral drug delivery, modulated systems, and controlled release structures). 3-dimensional cell cultures or tissue based on alginate are also being arranged and may be use to good advantage in drug development, research of compound cell physiology, and tissue engineering. Cell build nanoparticles for diagnostics and therapeutics in type-1 diabetes by porcine pancreatic islet cell encapsulation using monolayer cellular equipment technology is a latest approach being utilized with the use of alginates. A continuous challenge was on researchers to explore the possibility of modification of alginate by grafting with other low or high molecular wight polymers to improve its strength based on the need of the application.
