**4. Mechanism of evasion of cellular phagocytosis by cancer cells**

Phagocytosis plays a vital role in preventing the spread and growth of cancer cells by eliminating them. However, cancer cells can often evade the immune system, reducing the effectiveness of phagocytosis. They empoly several molecular and cellular mechanisms to evade phagocytosis mediated killing by phagocytes [51–56].

I.**Modifying surface antigens:** Cancer cells can modify their surface antigens to evade recognition by phagocytic cells. This can include changes to proteins, lipids, or carbohydrates on the cell surface.

