**5. Conclusion**

Vitreoretinal pathology occupies a special place in the structure of eye diseases since these are the most complex and prevalent nosological forms that in many cases require highly qualified surgical treatment, and modern concepts of vitreoretinal surgery involve targeted, selective impact on the structures of the vitreoretinal interface. It should be also noted that the process of vitreoretinal intervention itself is constantly being improved in order to increase the clinical effeciency of surgical treatment both in the postoperative period and with regard to long-term results. The following main areas of improvement in vitrectomy can be conventionally identified as:


Currently, the following modern diagnostic methods that make it possible to visualize various vitreoretinal structures have been tested to the greatest extent. These are ultrasound examination (USE), optical coherence tomography (OCT), confocal laser scanning ophthalmoscopy (CLSO), and chromovitrectomy (CV). The use of water-soluble dyes and suspensions is considered the most relevant for the evaluation of intravitreal and preretinal structures within the framework of CV method. At the same time, despite the wide introduction of various staining agents for VB and retinal structures by CV technique into clinical practice, the selection of an optimal staining agent is still a topical issue due to specific requirements for vital dyes in terms of the visualization level as well as safety characteristics imposed on products that come into contact with the internal components of the eye for a long time.

However, in literature, there are only some sporadic studies that allow determining the size of intravitreal structures under normal, age-related, and pathological conditions of the vitreous and to define the comprehensive approach to the surgical treatment of vitreoretinal pathology depending on the morpho-functional condition. Thus, the problem of VB imaging needs further consideration both conceptually and along individual specific lines.

The abovementioned provisions served as a basis for the present study performed with the purpose of scientific substantiation, experimental and morphological development, and evaluation of the clinical efficiency of the complex technique of VB imaging for diagnosis and surgical treatment of vitreoretinal disorders.

The method of the study was based on three main conditions:


3.Stage-wise approach (three stages) and the study consistency.

During the first stage of the study, the imaging efficiency and safety and various agents for chromo-vitrectomy were assessed on the basis of clinical and *in vitro*, *ex vivo* comparative assessment of various staining agents for the imaging technique of the vitreous body—, Kenalog-40, and original Vitreocontrastography method based on the use of Vitreocontrast suspension. Results of anatomical and morphological evaluation showed that Vitreocontrast due to its properties that are determined by its physical and chemical characteristics had a significantly higher level of visualization compared with Kenalog-40 as it stained not only all intravitreal structures but also the revealed PVD areas. At the same time, the researchers found that during PVD some cortical layers could completely detach from the retinal surface, while others having a higher degree of fixation to the retinal surface could laminate, thus forming an abnormal PVD. In this case, Vitreocontrast suspension had a sufficient degree of adhesion and allowed for the visualization of this condition.

Besides, it is important to emphasize that according to the studies, the Vitreocontrast suspension fully complied with the sanitary and chemical (pH 7.25 + 0.02 pH units (with the permissible value of 7.20–7.60 pH units). pH) and toxicological (according to the results of toxicity index (100 ± 10)% with the permissible values of 70–120%) indicators, the results of morphological evaluation (cytoand phototoxicity *in vitro*), as well as the parameters of solubility (27 days), as well as parameters of adhesion resistance and biological inertness.

It is important to mention that in our opinion, the use of the new staining agent (Vitreocontrast) cannot be viewed from the point of chromovitrectomy improvement. The above principal advantages of Vitreocontrast suspension reasonably allowed us to substantiate a new, original technique of VB contrast staining that we called Vitreocontrastography (VRCG). The proposed term was adapted to vitreoretinal pathology based on the techniques widely used in medical practice (radiography, tomography, etc.) allowing for the determination of both qualitative and quantitative parameters of the organ under examination. The practical expediency of Vitreocontrastography technique application is explained by the following main advantages:


*Perspective Chapter: The Vitreous Body Visualization Technique in Diagnosis… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109264*

During the second stage of the current work, our efforts were dedicated to the development (in the *ex vivo* experiment) of the next algorithm (step by step) of macro and microscopic experimental morphological study of the anatomical topographic characteristics of isolated vitreous structures from the point of view of normal anatomy [28].
