**6. Conclusion**

The chapter highlights the significance of fire impact on the individual such as firefighters or military personnel. Emerging new evidence suggests that there is a need to redefine the upper limit of heat flux, which is 84 kW*=*m2, which has been the same for the last four decades. Evident from modern construction trends and experimental studies on compartment fires in the past two decades reported an increasing heat flux trend with an average of 150 kW*=*m2. Presently, the convectional turnout gear does not offer adequate thermal protection at 126 kW*=*m2; henceforth, auxiliary protection measures and a realistic increase of 126 kW*=*m2 in the upper limit for testing is recommended. Fire-resistant fabric implications on sustainability in terms of toxicity and end-of-life cycle are a challenging research area. A balance is needed to meet the demand for functionality along with the protection offered by flame retardants. Nevertheless, biobased composites and renewable monomers are being researched to replace conventional halogenated and toxic flame retardants.
