**2.1 Turnout gear characteristics**

The functional characteristics of each fabric layer in the turnout gear are distinctive. The OS resists heat; protects the wearer from chemical spills, blood and flames and, additionally, lets vapors from body sweat pass through. The MB also aids in heat resistance and controls moisture transport. The TL provides comfort and heat resistance and allows metabolic heat release to the environment. The underwear (UV) is worn by Formula One drivers for safety from fuel fires during an accident. The honeycomb (HC) is an insulation material utilized to access its suitability in conjunction with the turnout gear. The physical characteristics of each layer are stated in **Table 2**.
