**Abstract**

Musculoskeletal disorders or MSDs are injuries and disorders that affect the human body's movement or musculoskeletal system (i.e. muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, discs, blood vessels, etc.). Popular musculoskeletal disorders is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Musculoskeletal fitness is integration of several aspect involve to unite mission of muscle strength, muscle endurance, and muscle power to showing power against one's own body weight or an external resistance.

**Keywords:** musculoskeletal disorders, resistance exercises, physiotherapy, manual therapy, strength exercises

### **1. Introduction**

Musculoskeletal disorders, or MSDs, are impairment and damage that attack motion of the human body or the musculoskeletal system (such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, nerves, discs, blood vessels, etc.) Musculoskeletal diseases can be weaken hurt, its common health condition associated with aging Main symptoms are ache, hardness, inability to move easily and dexterity long period of time this conditions effect disability death rate and mental health [1]. One of the main causes of illness worldwide is musculoskeletal problems, which also have a significant detrimental effect on quality of life in terms of overall health. Other names for MSDs include "overuse injury," "repetitive motion injury," "repetitive stress injury," and several others. This terminology is links stress and repetition to a single factor that can harm the musculoskeletal system. This is limited because more and more research is pointing to multiple causative risk factors leading to MSDs [2].

Musculoskeletal disorders present a persistent and costly problem for society and contribute substantially to the global disease burden. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that musculoskeletal disorders are the leading contributor to disablement globally in all sectors [3] at an estimated cost in 2019 of \$13.11 billion USD [4].

Conditions affecting the musculoskeletal system include those that impact the joints, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, gout, and spondyloarthritis; the bones, including such osteoporosis and associated fractures; the muscles, such as sarcopenia; and multiple physical areas or systems, such as regional (such as back and neck pain) and pervasive (such as fibromyalgia) pain conditions,

inflammatory diseases such as connective tissue diseases and vasculitis that have musculoskeletal inflammatory diseases such as connective tissue diseases and vasculitis that have musculoskeletal manifestations, for example systemic lupus erythematosus, or amputation as a consequence of illness or trauma [5].

Musculoskeletal health is the result of a number of variables coming together. The joints and spine must be both solid and supple in order to support the body and perform a variety of activities to avid Arthritis and Rheumatism [6].

A healthy neurological system is necessary to regulate all of this activity, providing cohesion and balance, while strong muscles and solid bones are necessary to supply the strength to move. Additionally, excellent mental health is necessary to provide the drive and motivation to engage in physical activity. Additionally, this entire process should be completed "without pain, stiffness, or exhaustion" [7].

#### **2. Musculoskeletal disorders causes**

Muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and bones can all be impacted by musculoskeletal pain. A fracture, for example, might result in immediate, excruciating pain. Pain may also be brought on by a chronic illness like arthritis. Contact with a medical professional if your normal activities are hampered by musculoskeletal pain. The correct medical care can reduce your pain. Musculoskeletal pain has the potential to be acute, or abrupt and severe [8].

Or the discomfort can be ongoing (long-term). Pain could be restricted to one part of your body or could spread across it. They advise focusing on the following three major groups:

Painful musculoskeletal disorders including osteoarthritis and back pain are among the most prevalent. Lack of physical activity, weight, and injury are risk factors. Osteoporosis and fragility fractures, including inflammatory disorders like rheumatoid arthritis, affect 50% of women and 20% of men over the age of 50. This group of ailments is substantially less typical. The three main causes of musculoskeletal disorders are as follows:

High task repetition: Numerous work tasks and cycles are repetitive in nature and frequently under the management of work processes and hourly or daily output targets. When paired with other risk factors including high force and/or uncomfortable postures, high task repetition might contribute to the development of MSD. A job is considered highly repetitive if the cycle time is 30 seconds or less.

Forceful exertions: Many work tasks require high force loads on the human body. High force demands cause muscles to work harder, which raises associated fatigue and can cause MSD.

Awkward postures that are repeated or maintained put too much pressure on joints and overburden the muscles and tendons surrounding the affected joint.

Body joints function most effectively when they are most to their mid-range motion. When joints are operated outside of this mid-range repeatedly or for extended periods of time without enough healing time, the risk of MSD increases.

Musculoskeletal diseases can also be brought on by direct hits to the muscles, bones, or joints, such as one fractures, joint dislocations (when something pulls a joint away from its natural position), and sprains and strains [9].

Inflammatory Conditions: Arthritis Research UK describe "The Inflammatory Arthritis Pathway". It classifies inflammatory arthritis or autoimmune diseases as a group of conditions including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis and

psoriatic arthritis. The immune system attacks and destroys the joints and sometimes the internal organs. These relatively uncommon conditions affect less than one per cent of the population [6]. Evidence based guidelines such as the UK NICE Clinical Guideline for Rheumatoid Arthritis advocate specialist multidisciplinary input including pharmacological management. It also states that "people with RA should have access to specialist physiotherapy, with periodic review to improve general fitness and encourage regular exercise, and learn exercises for enhancing joint flexibility, muscle strength and managing other functional impairments" [10].
