**4. Factors influencing positive birth and postnatal care**

It was found that most women lacked awareness about the services given in a postnatal clinic and long waiting times, and cultural beliefs were among the factors that affected utilization of postnatal care in many countries with severe situations in low-income countries. The care during puerperium for the woman hasan influence on maternal health if the woman does not attend postnatal care services and yet this is one of the most important maternal health-care services for not only prevention of impairment and disabilities but also reduction of maternal mortality.

One of the most important events in a woman's life is to giving birth, which is a highly individual experience [12]. Childbirth by itself is an experience of how firsttime mothers will develop good self-esteem [13], positive feelings for the baby, an easier adjustment to the motherhood role [14, 15], future childbirth experiences [11], and better acceptance of the maternal role [16].

Being with positive birth is also influenced by other factors including the sociodemographic factors from one country to another. For example, in highincome countries, women's birth experiences changed over time, and most became more positive after 1 year [10]. Factors associated with a very positive birth experience and reduction of the impact of postnatal complications were related to women's prenatal attitudes, intrapartum procedures, pain relief used, and care received during labor and birth. Many of these factors were struggled to find lowincome countries where there are poor services, lack of preparatory sessions for mother and her partner, lack of access to healthcare services on time, and cost-wise factor. Therefore, negative and traumatic birth experiences are a marked trend in women living in low-income countries mainly during prenatal and intrapartum practices [17].

The rate of psychological birth trauma including poor maternal feelings was also found high, as poor quality of maternity care and, consequently, chronic psychological complications, receiving of inaccurate information, and inadequate feeling of respect, all were also found high in low- and middle-income countries compared to high-income countries [18]. Some description of such conditions as due to lack of adequate and timely procedures beginning with admission to postpartum care resulted in poor quality of care for the mother and her baby, ranging from negligence to severe complications [19]. Sociocultural barriers are also considered to play role in hindering mothers from receiving care in hospitals [20]. For instance, women preferred not to be examined by male health providers, for cultural reasons

preferred a particular position in which to deliver, or for religious reasons did not divulge information that was needed for their care [21, 22]. Moreover, some communities in low-and middle-income countries reported mistreatment of mothers during labor, violation of women's rights, and a notable barrier to institutional delivery [18].
