**1. Introduction**

The postnatal period, which starts after birth and lasts for 42 days, is a crucial phase for the health and survival of the mother and the baby [1]. Most newborn fatalities occur within the first month of life, with three-quarters of these deaths occurring within the first 24 hours [2]. In addition, two-thirds of maternal deaths in low- and middle-income countries also occur in the postnatal period [3]. Postnatal care provides opportunities to obtain health interventions and support that are essential for the health and survival of the mother and child. These include interventions such as exclusive breastfeeding, adequate nutrition during nursing, newborn care guidance, and family planning procedures [1].

Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) has disproportionately high rates of maternal mortality, mostly as a result of inadequate utilization of maternal healthcare throughout pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period [4]. Studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of maternal health services including antenatal, childbirth, and postnatal care in preventing maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality. Maternal health services provide important health information for optimal pregnancy outcomes and prompt management of health problems to reduce maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality [1, 4]. Therefore, one of the important measures for eliminating preventable causes of maternal and newborn deaths is increasing coverage of the completion of the maternal and newborn continuum of care, which includes postnatal care [5].

This chapter aims to examine the status of postnatal care in sub-Saharan Africa and the challenges associated with access and utilization by mothers. It also aims to highlight key issues, which might enable governments and stakeholders to develop effective policies and strategies to address these challenges and improve the quality and uptake of postnatal care services towards improved survival and health outcomes. Furthermore, the discussions in this chapter are critical to expanding our understanding of postnatal care in sub-Saharan Africa.
