*3.2.3.1 Sense oligonucleotides to stems*

A sense oligonucleotide to stem regions is used as a negative control. A stem region consists of double-stranded RNA:RNA hybrid and is not involved in the interactions with an AS transcript [20].

## *3.2.3.2 Mismatch oligonucleotides or mutated oligonucleotides*

Mismatch oligonucleotides are designed by introducing mutated bases at the site of mRNA-AS transcript interactions [20, 31].

## *3.2.3.3 Random oligonucleotides*

Random oligonucleotides (20 nt) harbor random sequences, i.e., 5′-N20-3′ (N = A, C, G, or T) with phosphorothioate bonds [18].
