**9. Conclusion**

LAB, a class of widely distributed probiotic bacteria, plays a key role in the fermenting of different food products. LABs, specifically probiotics, have also been proven to impart a therapeutic effect on the remedy of several foodborne-related diseases. Thus, the role of these beneficial probiotics in fostering healthy microbiota and boosting resistance to illnesses and infections is crucial. Therefore, the importance of including probiotics in human diets cannot be overemphasized, given the numerous derived therapeutic health benefits. The survival rate of probiotics throughout processing, storage, and GIT transit has been improved by numerous authors using a variety of microbial encapsulation techniques. The gathered information demonstrates that these methods considerably boost the stability of various species and strains of probiotics. The effectiveness of such encapsulated microorganisms in the body must yet be evaluated through additional study. Even though the precise processes are still being completely understood, postbiotics may help to promote host health. For postbiotics to be shown to have a positive impact on health, well-designed randomized placebo-controlled intervention trials are required in addition to preclinical and *in vitro* research that focuses on the mechanisms of action. Additionally, a new era of "-biotic" research is beginning because of improvements in measuring the makeup and function of the gut microbiome. As a result, the variety of substances with potential health advantages that may be used in specialized nutrition has already increased and will continue to do so. Given that postbiotics face fewer difficulties in terms of storage and shelf life than viable probiotics, they can be a superb and secure way to improve health. Probiotics' potency may be effectively increased by postbiotics and bioactive substances, transforming them into useful components or medicinal agents. However, the nomenclature, regulatory considerations, and safety in use are the remaining postbiotics application-related issues that need further investigation by researchers to create global standards and regulations, which will then open new opportunities to produce healthier, safer, and more sustainable products [22].
