**7.9 Vaccines**

Good vaccinations are essential to vaccination efforts. Over the past few decades, small ruminant and bovine brucellosis control programs have had resounding success because of the use of two live vaccines: *B. melitensis* Rev. 1 and *B. abortus* S19 [60]. *B. abortus* RB51 is suggested as a vaccine for bovine brucellosis to be applied in the last stages of protective programs in addition to tests and slaughter [61]. Vaccines can induce brucellosis in humans and can cause abortion in both the animals they are intended for and those that are not. Rifampicin is commonly used to treat human brucellosis, although RB51 is resistant to it. More effective vaccines that are also human and animal-effective are urgently required. New vaccines are being developed, and there are many ongoing efforts to increase the effectiveness and safety of the ones already on the market [62, 63]. The first novel brucellosis vaccine to be licensed will get a sizable prize, and there is now an international call for the creation of such a vaccine. (https://brucellosisvaccine.org/).

#### **7.10 Public health aspects**

From a public health perspective, the two most common ways people contract human brucellosis are through their diet or through unprotected, nonmedical contact with animals.

Public health must be focusing on the following aspects:


D. In order to effectively combat zoonotic and foodborne diseases, health educators should include school teachers in their training and incorporate them into disease prevention and control initiatives (FBDs).
