**5. Conclusion**

Our hypothesis is that the manipulation of the intestinal flora by probiotics may be useful for the prevention and treatment of diabetes. Experimental and clinical

*Probiotics in the Management of Diabetes DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110338*

trials have shown the significant potential of probiotic strains in the management of diabetes. Probiotics may increase insulin signaling molecules and insulin sensitivity, reduce inflammation and inflammatory cytokines, suppress the nuclear factor-κB pathway, activate gut microbiota short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-hormone axis, and enhance the barrier property of the gastrointestinal mucosa by altering the intestinal flora. The studies discussed in this chapter provide insights into the impact of probiotics on diabetes, although further investigation is required to clarify the molecular processes involved in the regulation of intestinal flora by probiotic administration and their effects on the onset of diabetes.
