*Probiotics as a Beneficial Modulator of Gut Microbiota and Environmental Stress… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110126*


*Probiotics as a Beneficial Modulator of Gut Microbiota and Environmental Stress… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110126*


#### **Table 2.**

*Summary of the affected parameters after probiotic supplementation to the reared sterile medfly males.*

forms such as inactivated (autoclaved suspension) [16, 29–31] or biomass as a replacement for yeast in the diet can be used [32]. Until now, the use has been limited to non-spore-forming bacteria, with the exception of Hamden et al. 2013's work, which used *Citrobacter* sp. of non-host origin. Spores are chemically resistant forms that could be a good candidate as a probiotic, particularly in the medfly larvae diet, which contains acidulants and antimicrobials [33].

Furthermore, Hamden et al. [17] tested the administration of a probiotic mixture, and as previously stated, the strains were of non-host origin, which is one of the agreed-upon selection criteria for a good probiotic candidate. The intervals of administration were also variable across experiments, with adult diet supplementation being frequent [2, 28, 34], whereas larval diet administration is limited to diet preparation, except for Hamden et al. [17].
