*4.3.1.1 Nature and symptoms of harm*

As the nymphs and adults sip the sap from the fragile spear leaves, they are able to see the typical linear brown lesions. The spear leaves do not fully open when the infestation is bad. On the infected areas, necrotic patches form, which later turn brown and eventually dry up. Due to severe infestation, the leaves are torn apart by the necrotic patches, creating multiple holes in the leaves, which causes the palms to become stunted [23].

## *4.3.1.2 Management*

Suppression of the bugs happens by an entomopathogenic fungus, *Aspergillus candidus* Link during the time of year, coinciding with the height period of its incidence [43]. An effective management technique is to apply phorate 10 g granules at 20 g each sachet inside the innermost two leaf axils [44]. With the appearance of new spindles, the phorate sachets are repeatedly relocated to the deepest leaf axils. The sachet lasts for roughly 8–10 months.

**Figure 10.** *Spindle bug on oil palm.*

*Integrated Pest Management (IPM) in Oil Palm,* Elaeis guineensis *Jacq. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108580*
