*4.4.1 Leaf hopper,* Proutista moesta *Westwood (Derbidae)*

On 10–14 month-old nursery plants in Kerala province, low leaf hopper incidence is seen in the months of September–October and once more in the months of January– February. Despite being harmless to seedlings, this has been shown to be a carrier of numerous viral and MLO diseases, most notably Spear rot (**Figure 11**) [45].
