• *Subulura*

*Subulura* also named Allodaba, which is still used as a synonym. Subulura genus usually has lateral cervical alae and mouth dorsoventrally elongated, vestibule with a thin chitinous lining or heavily chitinized, Esophagus dilated posteriorly and followed by a bulb. The male has a fusiform pre-anal sucker, located, a distance anterior to the cloaca and the caudal alae is slightly developed or absent. The caudal papillas are sessile and arranged in two longitudinal rows and the spicules equal in length. In females, the vulva is near the middle of the body and uterine branches diverge. The female may be oviparous or ovoviviparous and the eggs sub-globular and thin-shelled (**Figure 2**) [30]. *Subulura infections* in fowls are insignificant due to their low pathogenicity. Pathological changes suggestive of acute cecal hemorrhagic enteritis were recorded. Infection occurs in the cecae of fowl, turkey, guinea fowl, and wild-related birds in Africa, North and South America, and Asia.
