**11. Conclusions**

In conclusion, the utilization of natural products as an alternative to formaldehyde for disinfection of fertile eggs in commercial hatcheries offers a promising avenue for achieving effective and environmentally sustainable egg sanitation. This book chapter has highlighted the growing concerns surrounding the use of formaldehyde due to its potential health hazards, environmental impact, and regulatory restrictions. The exploration of natural alternatives has provided valuable insights into the efficacy and safety of various compounds derived from plant extracts, essential oils, and bioactive substances.

The research presented in this chapter has demonstrated that natural products possess remarkable antimicrobial properties, capable of effectively eliminating pathogenic microorganisms from fertile eggs. Furthermore, these alternatives have exhibited favorable characteristics such as biodegradability, low toxicity, and minimal residue accumulation, making them attractive options for commercial hatcheries seeking to adhere to stringent environmental regulations and consumer demands for sustainable practices.

While natural products offer numerous advantages, it is essential to acknowledge the challenges associated with their implementation. Factors such as product consistency, standardization, and cost-effectiveness must be carefully considered to ensure practicality and viability on a larger scale. Additionally, further research and development are required to optimize formulations, dosages, and application methods to maximize their efficacy and minimize any potential negative impacts.
