**4.4 Fowl typhoid**

Fowl typhoid is caused by *Salmonella gallinarum*. Clinical signs include loss of appetite, increased thirst, lethargy and yellow-green diarrhea. Mortality ranges from 5 to 50%. **Table 5** shows the treatment of Fowl typhoid using medicinal plants as antibiotics alternatives in poultry.


### **Table 5.**

*Treatment of fowl typhoid using antibiotics alternatives.*

*Antibiotics Alternatives in Poultry Production in Sub-Sahara Africa DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109907*


### **Table 6.**

*Treatment of colibacillosis using antibiotics alternatives.*

### **4.5 Colibacillosis**

This disease is caused by *Escherichia coli*. These bacteria invade and cause a secondary infection when chickens are stressed or already infected. Clinical signs of colibacillosis are depression, paleness, decrease in appetite and diarrhea. **Table 6** shows the treatment of colibacillosis using medicinal plants as antibiotics alternatives in poultry.

### **4.6** *Staphylococcus aureus* **infection**

This is a very common poultry bacterial disease. The bacterium liberates beta hemolysin and plasma coagulase that can hemolyze the blood and also cause it to coagulate. *Staphylococcus aureus* infection always occurs between 4 and 6 weeks of age. The symptoms are similar to that of cholera which includes depression, listlessness, fever and loss of appetite. Lameness and swelling of the foot can be implicated. Mortality could be as high as 60%. **Table 7** shows the treatment of *Staphylococcus aureus* infection using medicinal plants as antibiotics alternatives in poultry.

### **4.7 Streptococcus infection**

This disease is caused by *S. zooepidemicus* and *S. faecalis*. The bacteria release toxins that contribute to their pathogenicity. Chickens infected in the acute form


**Table 7.**

*Treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection using antibiotics alternatives.*


### **Table 8.**

*Treatment of streptococcus infection using antibiotics alternatives.*

will be listless and feverish. There is loss of appetite and endocarditis in the chronic form (**Table 8**).
