**Abstract**

Conversion of biomass into useful organic chemicals has great demand in the twenty-first century. Cellulose is the most natural abundant biopolymer. Production of cellulose acetate (CA) from cellulose has garnered tremendous global attention because of their myriad application. CA is produced in huge amounts globally. Annual production of the derivative crossed 1.5 billion pounds. CA has remarkable biomedical applications due to their capability of drug delivery and anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties. This chapter highlighted the synthesis and chemical and physical properties of CA polymer and electrospun CA nanofibers (CA NF) and their tremendous applications in biomedical and wastewater treatment.

**Keywords:** cellulose, cellulose acetate, nanofibers, biomedical, wastewater treatment
