**4. Impact of agrochemicals on crop production and ecosystem service**

Excess use of agrochemicals caused tremendous a reduction in soil macro-fauna diversity and promotes the accumulation of toxic compounds in soils that severely harm the environment [6, 30]. Pesticides significantly reduced the diseases and increased the grain yield, yet more resistant pesticides to degradation by abiotic (physical, chemical, and other factors) and biotic (living organisms in the soil food web) agencies, leach into the lower strata of the soil, then absorbed by plant roots, and accumulate in the food chain and are ultimately biomagnified in the food web that is hazardous to human health. They may also affect non-target crop and potentially non-target endangered species by transporting from the sprayed area to nontarget areas [6].

Several synthetic fertilizers contain acid radicals, such as hydrochloride and sulfuric radicals, and hence increase the soil acidity and adversely affect soil and plant health [2]. Highly persistent and toxic agrochemicals are available in water, fish, vegetables, and human fluids, which are in turns hazardous to human and ecosystem [30]. These chemical inputs gain access into human body systems through three major means: (i) oral ingestion, (ii) infiltration through the skin, and (iii) breathing causing chronic disease [30] from respiratory disorders and musculoskeletal illnesses due to lack of knowledge of the caution code for hazardous agrochemicals.
