**1. Introduction**

Agriculture production is declining globally, owing primarily to animate and inanimate pressures. Inanimate stressors inhibit plant enlargement, expansion of plants various levels like biochemical and molecular, resulting in massive drop in crop production [1]. Fungi and bacteria make up the large component of rhizospheric associated microflora and play an critical part in growth and development of plants. Mycorrhizal fungi live in mutualistic association with host plant roots, complementing and increasing plant growth, rate of production, and resistance; however, recent research indicates that mycorrhizal fungi also create induced systemic tolerance (IST) to animate and inanimate stimuli. Mycorrhizae improves absorption of nutrients and movement from soil, limiting the requirement for chemical fertilizers and preventing nitrate and phosphate increases in agricultural soils. Reduced fertilizer use decreases water contamination from fertilizer runoff and leaching, which benefits farmers' economies. Abiotic stressors have emerged as major risks to global agriculture output. These stresses, either alone or in conjunction, regulate critical metabolic activities of plants by producing physiological disturbances. The Fungi (mycorrhizae) in symbiotic connection with plant roots enhances contact area of roots, allowing efficient absorption of mineral and water from huge soil volumes. This obligatory mycorrhizal connection improves nutrition and water accessibility while also protecting the plant from a number of inanimate challenges [2]. Some activities employed by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), under particular circumstances including the synthesis of metabolic substances viz. amino acids, vitamins, photohormones, and solubilization and mineralization processes describe the growth promotion caused by this association [3]. AMF has also been shown to impact the manifestation of many reactive oxygen species (ROS) safeguarding enzymes produced due to various stresses [4]. Besides giving nutritional and structural advantages to plants, the other advantages provided include secondary metabolite production/accumulation for osmotic regulation, enhanced cycling of nitrogen, rate of photosynthesis, and tolerance to animate and inanimate stresses. Numerous investigations have found that AMF have the capacity to enhance tolerance against various animate as well as inanimate stresses like heavy metals, drought, and salinity, and pathogen attack [5].
