**6. Concluding remarks**

Harnessing natural resources including beneficiary microorganisms is one of the most effective approaches to improving farm productivity and food quality in a sustainable way. Microbial inoculant technology will ensure healthy food security for the future population. AMF efficiently use for agricultural productivity in sustainable manner in which the diversity and function of soil microorganism is the decisive issue in the agrarian activities and ecosystem service [23]. AMF might be able to substitute chemical fertilizer and biocide inputs in organic systems [74], while increasing productivity in the range of 16–78% by gaining more nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and other less mobile nutrients increased [24]. This role of AMF can reduce the catastrophic effect indiscriminate use of agrochemicals in agricultural sectors and promotes. Hence, reintroducing AMF into agro-systems may also improve nutrient use efficiency, water-use efficiency, and tolerance to pathogens and herbivores [12]. Finlay [32] suggests more research on AMF as its relevant species have not yet been investigated since there has been a general concentration on agricultural systems in which additions of inorganic fertilizers, pesticides, and plant breeding may have selected against arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with the capacity to mobilize organic substrates.

Mycorrhizal symbioses in agro-ecosystems are affected by various factors including all biotic, abiotic, and agronomic management factors related to complex interaction of soil-AMF and host plant. Thus, selection of new crop varieties giving yields on poor soils and in low fertilization conditions and understanding compatible management practice in crop production that would ensure good extraradical mycelium development leading to improvement of soil quality and crop productivity in holistic manner is paramount importance for successful exploitation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.

### **Acknowledgements**

The authors are highly thankful to researchers whose findings are included directly or indirectly in preparing this manuscript.
