**3. Physicochemical properties of soil—AMF community**

Soil properties are critical in determining the fertility of soils, and some parameters can define the composition and species richness of AMF communities. Hazard *et al.* [24] stated that soil pH has a stronger effect than land use itself on AMF communities in agroecosystems and crops. Alguacil *et al.* [25] suggested that three soil properties related to microbial activity, that is, pH and levels of two micronutrients (Mn and Zn) also determined the distribution of AMF communities in soils. Differences in soil have been found to be key factors in determining AMF community composition [26], and this is particularly relevant in stressed environments. Soil properties have been found to affect the AMF community [27], especially in terms of the availability of nutrients
