**Table 3.**

*Morphological observation of selected plants.*


#### **Table 4.**

*Trace element concentrations of the selected medicinal plants.*

Experiments were performed with dried samples of medicinal plants No. 1 – No. 4, (No. 1 – *Azardirachta indica,* No. 2 – *Vitex nigundo*, No. 3 – *A. mexicana*, No. 4 – *Trigonella fornum graecum*,)

Total 19 number of elements, such as phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, scandium, titanium, vanadium, manganese, iron, cadmium, iodine etc. were detected from the four medicinal plant samples of *Arardirachta indica, vitex nigundo* Linn*, Argemone Mexicana* Linn*,* leaves and *T. foenum-graecum* Linnseed by ED-XRF. The detected concentrations found in the samples are presented in **Table 4** (**Figures 1**–**5**).

**Figure 1.** *ED-XRF analysis of* Arardirachta indica.

**Figure 2.** *ED-XRF analysis of* vitex nigundo *Linn.*

**Figure 3.** *ED-XRF analysis of* Argemone Mexicana *Linn.*

**Figure 4.** *ED-XRF analysis of* T. foenum-graecum *Linn.*

#### **9. Results**

Elemental analysis of *Vitex negundo* leaves by ED-XRF technique has been confirmed the presence of pharmaceutically active, major, minor, and trace elements. The results of elemental analysis were recorded in **Table 1**, which revealed presence of P (1.628%), K (31.975%), Ca (54.418%), Ti (0.842%), Mn (0.561%), Fe (5.387%), Ni (0.023%), Cu (0.054%), Zn (0.204%), Rb (0.019%) and Zr (0.008%) Si (0.224%), S (1.910%), Cl (2.611%), Sr. (0.087%). Toxic metals like Be, Ag, Sn, Ba, Pb, and Bi were found totally absent in *Vitexnegundo*leaves.

Elemental analysis of *T. foenum-graecum* seed by ED-XRF technique has been confirmed the presence of pharmaceutically active, major, minor, and trace elements. The results of elemental analysis were recorded in **Table 1**, which revealed presence of P (4.669%), K (56.797%), Ca (21.827%), Ti (0.176%), Mn (0.466%), Fe (2.022%), Cu (0.162%), Zn (0.411%), Rb (0.074%), Br (0.033%), Sr. (0.042%), S (5.184%), and Cl (8.138%). Toxic metals like Be, Ag, Sn, Ba, Pb, and Bi were found totally absent in *Trigonella foenum-graecum* seed.

Elemental analysis of *Argemone Mexicana* Linn leaves by ED-XRF technique has been confirmed the presence of pharmaceutically active, major, minor, and trace elements. The results of elemental analysis were recorded in **Table 1**, which revealed presence of P (1.195%), K (35.399%), Ca (54.450%), Ti (0.385%), Mn (0.225%), Fe (2.467%), Ni (0.010%), Cu (0.030%), Zn (0.049%), Rb (0.040%), Zr (0.003%) Br (0.022%), S (1.619%), Cl (3.971%), Re (0.004%), and Sr. (0.056%). Toxic metals like Be, Ag, Sn, Ba, Pb, and Bi were found totally absent in *Argemone Mexicana* Linn.

Elemental analysis of *Azardirachta indica* Linn leaves by ED-XRF technique has been confirmed the presence of pharmaceutically active, major, minor, and trace elements. The results of elemental analysis were recorded in **Table 1**, which revealed presence of P (0.966%), K (20.825%), Ca (67.265%), Ti (0.391%), Mn (0.371%), Fe (1.977%), V (0.107%), Cu (0.024%), Zn (0.047%), Rb (0.007%), Zr (0.001%), Br

(0.186%), S (1.733%), Re (0.000%), Sr. (0.154%), Si (0.213%), and Cl (5.733%). Toxic metals like Be, Ag, Sn, Ba, Pb, and Bi were found totally absent in *Azardirachta indica* Linn.
