**1. Introduction**

The name "*Allium sativum*" is derived from the Celtic word "all" meaning burning or pricking and the latin word "*sativum*" meaning planted or cultivated. Garlic is known by various names, such as "stinking rose", "nectar of the gods", "Russian penicillin", "natural antibiotic", "herbal viagra", "herbal talisman", "snake grass", some names are still used today [1, 2].

Garlic is known to have been used for medicinal purposes as far back as the middle ages, as evidenced by ancient writings from China, Egypt, Greece, and India [3]. Garlic has been used in various cultures for thousands of years, dating back to the time when the Egyptian pyramids and ancient Greek temples were being built. In 1720, garlic was used to save the inhabitants of Marseille from the black plague. Garlic was often used in funerals and religious ceremonies to mummify bodies. The Greeks used garlic as a remedy against aging and disease. Interestingly, Greek athletes participating in the olympic games chewed garlic to improve their stamina, strength, and endurance [4]. In Roman times, workers and soldiers chewed garlic before battle, and the Slavs claimed that it protected them from snakebites. In Africa, fishermen painted their bodies with garlic extract to ward off crocodiles. In Europe, garlic was believed to be able to ward off vampires, demons, evil spirits, and other magical properties. Even the Bible refers to its use [5]. This aromatic vegetable is mentioned in the Bible because the Israelites were tired of eating simple manna and longed for the pleasant varieties that were eaten in Egypt. Garlic has been used among several ancient civilizations around the world in addition to Egypt, Greece, Rome, India, and China to treat various ailments, including poisoning, respiratory and stomach ailments, abnormal growth, headache, insomnia, and depression [6]. The ancient Greek physician Hippocrates (ca. 460−370 BC), known today as the "father of western medicine," prescribed garlic for a wide range of ailments. Hippocrates recommended the use of garlic to treat respiratory problems, parasites, indigestion, and fatigue [7]. Garlic is an effective medicine against diseases, including viral diseases. Ingestion of fresh garlic or intravenous preparation of its extracts has also been used to treat patients with cryptococcal meningitis in China. In Asia and Europe, garlic was used to treat cold, fever, cough, asthma, and wounds. Garlic has been used in traditional African medicine (in Ethiopia and Nigeria) to treat infections, including sexually transmitted diseases, tuberculosis, respiratory tract infections, and wounds [8]. Throughout history, in the Middle East, East Asia, and Nepal, garlic has been used to treat bronchitis, hypertension (high blood pressure), tuberculosis, liver disorders, dysentery, flatulence, intestinal worms, rheumatism, diabetes, and fever [7].

Nicolas Culpeper wrote in the Complete Herbal, 1653, "...a remedy for all diseases and injuries. It induces urine and menses, helps in bites of mad dogs and other venomous creatures, kills worms in children, cuts and destroys tough phlegm, clears the head, helps lethargy, and is a good preservative and remedy for any pestilential, sore, or foul sores." Garlic was already used by the ancient Egyptians for both medicinal and food purposes. Several bulbs of garlic were found in the tomb of Tutankhamun, probably to protect the young king on his way to the afterlife [9].

During World War I, garlic was widely used as an antiseptic to prevent gangrene, and today people use garlic to prevent atherosclerosis, improve high blood pressure, and relieve coughs and bronchitis [10]. Garlic has attracted special attention in modern medicine because of the widespread belief in its effects on maintaining good health. In some western countries, sales of garlic preparations are comparable to prescription drugs [11]. The main garlic growing countries are China, India, Spain, Egypt, Argentina, Italy, and the United States [12]. Currently, China is the largest producer and exporter of garlic [6].

Multiple studies have shown the multifaceted health effects of garlic, which is why it is recommended as a dietary supplement all over the world. Because of these proven effects, its consumption has increased, especially in the culinary field [13]. Replace the entirety of this text with the introduction to your chapter. The introduction section should provide a context for your manuscript and should be numbered as first

heading. When preparing the introduction, please bear in mind that some readers will not be experts in your field of research.
