**1. Introduction**

### **1.1 Entrepreneurship**

Entrepreneurship is defined as the process by which individuals pursue market opportunities to develop a business, regardless of the resources they currently control [1]. In essence, the entrepreneurial behavior of an entrepreneur shows that they are trying to take advantage of market opportunities and put useful business ideas into practice [2]. The tasks performed by this behavior can be performed by an individual or a group and often require creativity, leadership, and a willingness to take risks (**Table 1**).

Entrepreneurship is a concept that denotes a way of thinking that can approach and expand the overall business opportunity to achieve business results from the inherent idea. From an economic point of view, entrepreneurship begins with the


#### **Table 1.**

*Seven perspectives on the nature of entrepreneurship.*

contribution of Cantillion (1680–1734), the author defined an entrepreneur as a person engaged in profit-making activities and directing activities. Follow the market opportunity to ensure profitability. In principle, entrepreneurs will buy products at a certain price and sell them for profit [4]. The role of entrepreneur is an economic agent, acting as a bridge between producers and consumers, an important subject of the economy.

#### **1.2 Digital entrepreneurship**

Digital entrepreneurship is a form of developing new business companies on a digital platform, digital technology plays a key role in business development. Digital entrepreneurship allows the formation of entrepreneurial companies where these companies with a lean startup approach to business process, reduce investments, and can avoid situations lack of resources.

#### *1.2.1 Digital entrepreneurship model*

The digital startup model can be understood as the core business logic of a digitalbased enterprise to create products and services and deliver outstanding value to the model's customers [5]. Entrepreneurs who develop digital startups often emphasize prioritizing the development of minimal viable products based on applying a lean startup approach to be able to provide the market with the value that customers. Following this trend, the Canvas model of Osterwalder and Pigneur [6] and the Lean Canvas model of Maurya [7] are prominent theoretical models widely disseminated in practice. Recent research found that 93% of digital entrepreneurs use lean startups to create products that match market needs quickly, with minimal investment of unnecessary resources and ease in setting up business development processes [8]. According to Wirtz [9], there exist quite diverse B2C startup models based on different business activities with minimum viable product (MVP) types, such as (1) focusing on the unique and most important feature of a particular product; (2) developing MVP guides and connecting enterprises with end-users; (3) user experience with fully

functional and fully automated products and services; and (4) using partial MVP for continuous authentication of user needs.

#### *1.2.2 Business models platform*

The business model's platform concept has gone through a long process from simple concepts to models characterized by diverse nature in value creation [10]. The multifaceted nature of the Business model's platform is very important in business models [11]. The basic characteristics of multifacetedness, the network impact of effects, as well as the problems of profitability, and the logic of model elements all play a particularly important role in startups. Digital industry platform business models include transaction-oriented, innovation-oriented, and hybrid (combined) platforms.
