**10. Sociocultural aspects**

One of the important and fundamental aspects of the success of wastewater utilization programs in agriculture is the acceptance of wastewater as a source of irrigation water by farmers and the acceptance of the general public in buying and consuming products irrigated by this source [35]. To achieve this goal, it is necessary that farmers and people are fully informed about the importance of such plans and how to implement them. Also, if possible, their opinions will be collected and reviewed and used in developing programs. In line with this, education and promotion as well as gaining the public's trust in terms of ensuring their health and guaranteeing the protection of natural resources (soil, surface water, underground water, plants, etc.) can solve many social-cultural problems.

Inadequacy of statistics, information, and research.

Since the climatic conditions, characteristics of production effluents, types of crops, economic, social, technical, cultural, and health conditions of different countries are different from each other, therefore, each country cannot simply use the results of other countries'studies in their planning. Good luck. The continuity and success of long-term plans for the use of wastewater in agriculture depend on the plans being developed based on comprehensive information and results obtained from numerous short-term and long-term research conducted in local conditions. The aforementioned research should cover various topics such as: location, type of crops and cultivation pattern, environmental and health risks, determining the amount of acceptable risks, determining risk points, risk reduction management methods, costs related to different risk reduction options, localization of guidelines and standards, suitable options for training farmers and people, etc. [34, 36]. The truth is that currently in many countries, especially developing countries, regardless of the need to conduct research and obtain the necessary statistics and information, based on the belief that "because other countries have been successful, we will also be successful." Wastewater application plans are compiled and implemented without thinking and delaying, which unfortunately will affect the future generations.

The use of wastewater in agriculture for economic development purposes will only be viable if long-term conservation and preservation of resources as well as public health protection are possible. Examining the challenges associated with the use of wastewater in agriculture shows that many of these challenges can be solved with basic planning and the application of correct management methods. In such methods, an integrated control system (a set of different methods) is used to prevent, reduce, and compensate for environmental and health risks, which results in reducing costs, not requiring strict standards and ensuring the success of planning. In the integrated management system of wastewater application in agriculture, a set of different options are used, the most important of which are:


6.Compilation and implementation of the necessary instructions (for various relevant groups such as farmers and controlling executive agents).

Creating and implementing accurate and efficient monitoring systems. It is obvious that the selection of a suitable set of the above solutions depends on conditions such as the availability of available resources, the agricultural and social situation of the region, the prevalence of fecal-origin diseases in the region, and the market demand for products irrigated with wastewater, which must be implemented before implementation. The selected collection should be carefully examined and studied.

#### **11. Conclusions and suggestions**

According to the results of this study, chemically, the use of Arak wastewater treatment plant effluent in agriculture has no special limitations in terms of the investigated parameters. From a microbial point of view, considering that the products that will be irrigated with wastewater are fodder products or products that cannot be consumed raw by humans, it can be said that the transmission of pathogenic bacteria is very weak. It is recommended to carry out a comprehensive and accurate research on the elements present in the products harvested with sewage and the results should be provided to the users and officials. It is necessary to carry out planned reuse in a prudent manner along with quality control in the wastewater treatment stage. Finally, from the integrated control management system such as: use of appropriate standards and guidelines, use of optimal purification methods, use of appropriate cultivation patterns, use of appropriate planting and irrigation methods, application of necessary methods in order to limit contact and exposure of workers and the public and formulation and implementation of the necessary instructions (for various relevant groups such as farmers and controlling executive agents) creation and implementation of accurate and efficient monitoring systems to prevent, reduce, and compensate for environmental risks. Environmental and sanitary use. The use of wastewater in agriculture for economic development purposes will only be viable if long-term conservation and preservation of resources as well as public health protection are possible. Examining the challenges associated with the use of wastewater in agriculture shows that many of these challenges can be solved with basic planning and the application of correct management methods. In such methods, an integrated control system (a set of different methods) is used to prevent, reduce, and compensate for environmental and health risks, which results in reducing costs, not requiring strict standards and ensuring the success of planning. In the integrated management system of wastewater application in agriculture, a set of different options are used, the most important of which are: The use of appropriate standards and guidelines, the use of optimal purification methods, the use of appropriate cultivation patterns, the use of appropriate planting and irrigation methods, the application of necessary methods in order to limit the contact and exposure of workers and the public, formulation and implementation of necessary instructions (for various relevant groups such as farmers and controlling executive agents), creating and implementing accurate and efficient monitoring systems. It is obvious that the selection of a suitable set of the above solutions depends on conditions such as the availability of available resources, the agricultural and social situation of the region, the prevalence of fecal-origin diseases in the region, and the market demand for products irrigated with wastewater, which must be implemented before implementation. The selected collection should be carefully examined and studied.

*Sewage Management*
