**5. Metabolic bone disease in premature neonates**

Premature neonates apart from the problems of low birth weight and respiratory disturbances, are associated with impaired mineralization of the bones. Several metabolic disturbances that include hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, and secondary hyperthyroidism must be ruled out in order to improve bone strength. Spontaneous fractures and deformities may appear and the nursing stuff and neonatologists must be very careful in the daily treatment of these premature neonates [37–42].
