**Abstract**

The calcaneus is the most frequently fractured tarsal bone, making up 60% of all adult tarsal fractures. While many calcaneus fractures can be managed nonoperatively, operative management of displaced, intra-articular fractures can prevent long-term deformity and may result in improved outcomes compared to nonoperative management. Three of the most common surgical treatment options are open reduction internal fixation, closed reduction with percutaneous pinning, and primary subtalar arthrodesis. This chapter reviews the epidemiology, relevant anatomy, biomechanics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of calcaneus fractures.

**Keywords:** calcaneus, Sanders classification, sinus tarsi approach, external fixation, hindfoot fracture, heel fracture, extensile lateral approach
