**10. Conclusion**

Calcaneus fractures are common lower extremity fractures requiring a comprehensive knowledge of anatomy, an attentive clinical and radiographic evaluation, and an understanding of surgical techniques for appropriate management. Initial evaluation of calcaneus fractures must consider the mechanism of injury and the potential for associated injuries. As operative indications and treatment for calcaneus fractures continue to evolve, there is a focus on minimizing, delaying, or preventing arthritis while minimizing wound complications. External fixation can restore length, rotation, and alignment while decreasing the risks associated with internal fixation of calcaneus fractures. Sinus tarsi approaches also show promise with decreased soft-tissue complications and similar patient-reported outcomes. Wound breakdown remains the most significant and potentially devastating complication of these fractures. After wound complications, neurologic injury and other soft-tissue injuries are common, while malunion and its sequela are well-documented bony complications.
