**1. Introduction**

Neonatal fractures are extremely rare. Initial diagnosis is occasionally obscure and clinical signs of oedema, crepitus, and mainly discomfort of the neonate are the main symptoms that the neonatologist is evaluating. The incidence of neonatal fractures is reported to be less than 1 per 1000 births. In a previous report among 158,035 full term neonates, fracture was demonstrated in 1174 of them (0.74%). In a recent survey in UK, in the period 2000–2016, in 87,461 live births, 66 sustained a fracture, with the clavicle fracture being the most common, as found in 46 cases. This is a low incidence overall of 0.075% [1, 2]. Increased fetus weight and vaginal delivery with associated labor dystocia were initially reported as predisposing factors. But several reports of fractures with cesarean delivery (CS) are reported as well. Preterm with small for gestational age babies are in increased risk for a neonatal fracture. Multiple birth, breech delivery, increased maternal body weight are among the risk factors for a neonatal fracture. Neonatal fractures may present as the initial sign of underlying

bone fragility. Neonatal fractures are occasionally diagnosed in uncomplicated labor. A neonatal fracture may also be diagnosed after discharge from the maternity hospital, usually found from the callus formation or the persistent discomfort of the neonate [3–7].
