**1. Introduction**

World Health Organisation (WHO) reported that occupational stress is epidemic and characterised by the physical and mental toll that results from an imbalance between a people capability to manage with work-related stress and their objective

goals in occupational contexts [1, 2]. International Labour Organisation (ILO) reported, annually 2.34 million person die in occupational mishap and 25% deaths are attributable to dangerous and unhealthy occupational settings [3, 4]. Furthermore, non-fatal work-related disorders affected 160 million people. More than 200 million and 16 million workers exposed to various occupational toxic hazards and harmful exposures in factories respectively [5]. People are working harder than ever to improve society, jobs, education, health, and quality of life. Studies reported that the delicacy disorders brought via occupational related burnout in the US ranged from \$500 to \$1000 billion US dollar [6–8]. Other studies reported a favourable psychological and physiological condition in workers was maintained by factors like gender, age, and personality as well as self-perception, self-confidence, and stress tolerance [9, 10]. However, stress has a detrimental effect on employees' physical, emotional, and overall quality of life. These results into decreased output, job absenteeism, a loss of professional effectiveness, an increase in accident cases, a decline in morale, and interpersonal conflicts with subordinates [11–13]. Pilots, nurses, accountants, teachers, university employees, and managers have all been the subject of prior research that looked at occupational stress [14].

In occupational setting, miners and factory workers who were working in high stress condition and industrial demanding work environment. Exposure to hazardous substances in mining occupations affected biological system of human being. Several studies has been reported that metals, dust, noise, chemical factors, physical factors responsible for employees' psychological health problems leading to occupational burnout in humans but its cellular mechanism is still unclear in biochemical processes [15]. Further, hippocampus is the main part of the brain expresses the reaction of stressful stimuli which is responsible for involvement of distinct network reaction for occurrences of stress. Stress were also responsible for secretion of hormones including epinephrine and nor norepinephrine via by neuroendocrine mechanism. On the other hand, glucocorticoids were secreted by adrenal gland (hypothalamus pituitary adrenal). This leads to disturb oxidant and antioxidants levels responsible for development of oxidative stress in the human. Studies reported that the exposure to dust may cause various metabolic alterations in the biochemical, hormonal regulatory processes. These processes has potential to induce toxic effects in lung tissue of workers. Previous studies reported neurasthenia, anxiety disorder, and depression, occupational stress and psychological health problems due to occupational stress in different occupational groups [16, 17]. These findings necessitated further research on mine workers for evaluation of health risks due to occupational exposure to different pollutants. With this view, exposure markers, hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1) and parathyroid hormones were targeted due to its special reference to occupational exposure to dust and development of job related stress in the workers. Studies reported that HO-1 was rate limiting enzyme which is induced in the lung during occupational stress condition. Other mechanism reported that parathyroid hormone (PTH) is involved in calcium regulation which is secreted by parathyroid gland and control by nervous endocrine system but overload of aluminium replaces calcium because of its same valence which suppression PTH levels in the Bauxite dust exposed workers in the occupational settings [18]. Limited attentions were noted to find out relationship between occupational stress and human individual factors were responsible for causing stress in the occupational setting workers. Studies on exposure biomarkers, aims to explore the occupational exposure to pollutants may be responsible for development of occupational stress through physiology, neurobiology, and stress proteins in the workers. It will also need to find out its impact on the quality of life of worker in the occupational settings.

*Impact of Occupational Stress and Its Associated Factors on Cognitive, Hormonal and Stress… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109587*
