**3. Factors affecting stress**

Several industrial and organisational works related factors were found to be responsible for development of workplace stress. Bhatti et al. reported, 67% of the stress that employee's experiences were caused by both intra- and extra-organisational factors, with workload serving as the primary culprit [19]. Scientists had given more attention that one-third of the working population in affluent nations has moderate to severe levels of stress. Because of work environmental condition, its management and work consignment influences on employee physical and mental health. Similar research for newly industrialised nations also suggests that time constraints, unreasonable demands, role conflicts, poor ergonomics, job security, and relationships with customers are some of the most frequent sources of stress for workers in the financial services industry [20]. Furthermore, as a result of increased human involvement with computers, new stressors have emerged, including computer failures, computer slowdowns, and electronic performance monitoring etc. Many scientists reported that there are many moderate and non-moderated occupational stress factors that were contribute to occupational stress including working shifts,

sedentary, repetitive, lack of safety, monotonous work techniques, collaborative activities, uncontrollable jobs, physical elements (heat, noise, lighting, chemical elements like odour), interpersonal relationships of superiors at workplace, uncertainty, conflict, overwork, career development, reward, promotion, job security, and certainty of future employment [21–23]. Role of stress and key organisational outcomes have a complex link that can range from positive to negative results of various intensities responsible for affecting stress in humans at occupational settings [24].

### **4. Consequences of stress**

A serious global problem is how occupational stress affects different occupational setting workers. A recent survey done by banker association found that 69% of banking and their staff were working in stressful condition and 50% reported psychological distress. Workers with low-back, hand, and arm issues as a result of linking musculoskeletal illnesses with the workplace, taking into account individuals, job tasks, and work environments, leave their positions and decrease the economic productivity of the country [25]. Workplace stress, way of life, and personal downtime have all been linked to the appearance of occupational stress in workers responsible for development of mental problems in them. Mining based industrial and factory workers were working relatively poor environment for longer period of time with no ventilation. Those workers belongs to below poverty line were responsible for varying degrees of job stress that affect workers quality of life [26]. Scientists have found that moderate and nonmoderated occupational stress were responsible for hypertension, immune, nervous, and digestive impairment, depression, ischemic heart disease, psychological symptoms were responsible for reduction in the ability of employees to cope with their work [27–29]. Therefore, individuals may consume alcohol, reduction in appetite, and organisational performance [27–30]. Finally, individual, organisational-related components, behavioural disorders, family conflicts were might avoid people moving to do work, use drugs or drink excessively. Non moderated occupational stress was detrimental to professional workers' as well as disturb health and quality of life in job settings. Several studies were focused on workplace stress in medical staffs and banking employees who experienced higher levels of occupational stress had lower quality of life [29–31]. Therefore, occupational stress at workplace had described about unusual physiological, psychological, and behavioural reactions in workers due to occupational stress.
