**2. Methodology**

A comprehensive literature search was used to obtain evidence to support this manuscript. Sources included internet-based search engines such as PubMed, Google™ Scholar, and SCOPUS™ in addition to other medical textbooks, commercialized medical resources (EMRAP™, UpToDate™, EMCRIT™), and internationally recognized societal guidelines (*American Society of Addiction Medicine, American College of Emergency Physicians, American College of Medical Toxicology)*. Common search terms included but were not limited to "alcohol withdrawal syndrome," "complicated alcohol withdrawal syndrome," "inpatient management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome," "pathophysiology of alcohol withdrawal," "alcohol withdrawal seizures," "delirium tremens," "phenobarbital and alcohol withdrawal syndrome," "CIWA," "SEWS," Wernicke's Encephalopathy," "medical management of alcohol withdrawal syndrome," alcohol withdrawal syndrome complications," "patient safety and alcohol withdrawal." Our search initially queried more than one million sources; sources were screened and appraised based on their quality of evidence and relevancy to alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the hospitalized patient. This narrowed down the literature search to approximately 100 articles which were further consolidated based on redundancy, resulting in the 33 sources included in the chapter.
