**4. Patient safety**

Patient safety incidents may occur mostly because of individual error, suboptimal team performance, or task-related problems. Even though the incidents are usually to have minor or do not need immediate treatment, it also has to be prevented for the patients' safety [14].

Patient misidentification is of utmost concern. In 2003, the Joint Commission International (JCI) emphasized patient identification as the first International Patient Safety Goals (IPSG). Adverse events due to treatment errors, transfusion errors, testing errors, and wrong-person procedures mostly stemmed from patient misidentification [15].

Patient safety incidents are varying widely, which may occur on arrival, procedure, or even recovery from sedation. Studies have shown that half of the significant adverse events in GIE are associated with sedation [16]. In 2021, Correa et al. [4] revealed that 40.1%, 24.6%, and 35.3% of all incidents consisted of events that occurred before, during, and after procedures, respectively. The study evaluated 50% of adverse events that occur during and after procedures were due to gastrointestinal perforation and gastrointestinal laceration/bleeding without perforation, 19.2% due to skin lesions, and 11.5% due to falls [4].

Checklist by WHO showed the ability to reduce mortality from 1.5% to 0.8%. It will not prevent every error in GIE, but it can minimize incidents and encourage a culture of safety through improved teamwork in the endoscopy room. It is a simple, inexpensive, and effective tool that has the potential to promote safe GIE procedures [14].
