**2. Methods**

A comprehensive literature search was conducted for the creation of this manuscript. Internet-based search platforms used during the preparation of this manuscript included PubMed Central and Scopus. Search terms were: "restraints", "physical restraints", "chemical restraints", "agitation", "emergency departments AND restraints", and "emergency departments AND aggression". Summation of search results totaled 298,534 manuscripts. The references were then limited to publications within the last twenty years. Upon review of this subsect of search results, the reference list was narrowed to 100 documents. These 100 documents were assessed on their relevance to restraint utilization in the ED. These 100 were then assessed on how closely the documents evaluated the management of acutely agitated patients with regards to restraint initiation, management, and discontinuation in the ED. After this final screening, 37 sources were utilized for the construction of this manuscript.
