**5. Conclusion**

Myocarditis is a heterogeneous disease ranging from mild, self-limiting to fulminant, including the manifestations of heart failure, cardiogenic shock and/or death. While myocarditis has numerous etiologies, viral myocarditis is the most common. Despite an array of clinical, laboratory biomarkers, imaging and biopsy, there is not one sole diagnostic method for its diagnosis. Laboratory markers may provide clues to its diagnosis and their use for continued surveillance may prove useful to monitor disease severity and response to treatment. Echocardiography is a valuable initial modality for the assessment of left or right ventricular dysfunction and to assess hemodynamic instability or secondary complications of myocarditis. Despite the gold standard method of biopsy, it poses several limitations in invasiveness, the diagnostic accuracy based on the location or degree of cardiac involvement, pathological interpretation and resource limitations, and hence, is reserved in refractory cases or those with hemodynamic instability. CMR has superior utility in evaluating myocarditis non-invasively, not only at its diagnostic stage but also in various sub-clinical or convalescent stages of myocarditis and to ensure adequate resolution and follow-up in such patients. Findings in CMR may also overlap with other dilated or idiopathic cardiomyopathies and may be of particular use in conjunction or independent of biopsy. In the new post COVID-19 era, the utility of CMR provides an excellent modality to delineate various cardiomyopathies where an infectious or inflammatory mediated process is in the differential. Clinicians should ensure a comprehensive work-up and thorough surveillance while caring for such patients.
