**5. Estimates of life expectancy**

Upon consultation, an estimation of life expectancy is crucial for shared decisionmaking between a physician and patient, as prostate cancer can often be an indolent disease prone to overtreatment, leading to unnecessary side effects. Various nomograms are available to assist in estimating life expectancy, and aiding these decisions prior to treatment. For example, the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center website has a "Male Life Expectancy" calculator [11]. Nevertheless, this estimation should be


**Figure 2.**

*CAPRA scores and associated endpoint predictions [10].*


#### **Table 2.**

*Calculating CAPRA scores.*

made in coordination with physicians who have a longitudinal assessment of the patient, such as the primary medical doctor and cardiologist.
