Meet the editor

Dr. Emad Hamdy Gad works as a professor of hepatobiliary surgery in the Transplantation, Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt. He was involved in the management of liver transplantation patients and shared in over (400) Living-related liver transplantation (LRLT), pediatrics and adults at the National Liver Institute, University of Menoufia.

Menoufia, Egypt. He worked as a consultant general, hepatopancreatobiliary and laparoscopic surgery in King Khaled Hospital (General surgery and trauma hospital) in Hail in KSA for 6 months (Locum) from 2/ 2015 to 8/2015. He worked as a consultant in general surgery at Alnile Hospital, Gherghada, Egypt from 3/2016 until 8/2016. He worked as a consultant general and hepatobiliary surgeon at King Faisal Hospital, Taif, KSA from 8/2016 until 8/2019. He is one of the editorial board members of different international journals like *Advances in Medical Oncology Research* (AMOR) journal, *Journal of Oncology Research and Therapy* (ISSN 2574-710X), *Henry Journal of Cellular and Molecular Oncology, Austin Hepatology journal*, etc. He is a reviewer in some Q1 journals like the *World Journal of Gastroenterology, World Journal of Surgery*, etc. He is the author of numerous international papers, which have had a significant influence in the academic community. Notably, his research profile on RCA (Reference Citation Analysis) can be accessed at this link(https://referencecitationanalysis.com/00001195 ) where he has garnered a total of 346 citations in Crossref. On ResearchGate (RG), he boasts an Research Interest Score of 679.9, along with 656 citations and an h-index of 9. His Google Scholar h-index stands at 9, with 303 citations. Additionally, his Scopus h-index is 7, supported by 155 citations. For more information, you can visit his ORCID profile at this link(https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1993-6899 ).

## Contents



Preface

Despite the progress in pancreatic cancer (PC) chemo/radiotherapies, immunotherapies, and novel targeted therapies, as well as the improvement in its perioperative management policies, it is still a deadly and challenging catastrophic tumor with a high mortality rate, even after radical resection. It has a notable bad prognosis in comparison to other malignant tumors due to its high degree of malignancy, gradual onset, typical symptoms defect, delayed discovery, difficult anatomical location, early neural and vascular invasions, early micro-metastatic spread, tumor heterogeneities, unique desmoplastic stroma and tumor microenvironment (TME), high rate of chemo/radiotherapy resistance, lower rate of curative resection, and its tendency to recur after resection. Globally, PC is the seventh leading cause of cancer-related

The most common cancer of the pancreas is pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma (PDAC), which accounts for more than 90% of all cancers. Both the occurrence and progression of PDAC come from changes in some genes (i.e., KRAS oncogene mutational activation, inactivation of tumor suppressor genes (CDKN2A, TP53 and SMAD4), and/or mutations in other genes involved in the cell cycle and apoptosis). Other risk factors include lifestyle factors (i.e., tobacco use, alcohol, obesity, diabetes, chronic pancreatitis, etc.) as well as some precancerous lesions (i.e., pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), intra-ductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN),

Besides PDAC, there are other pathological types of pancreatic cancers, such as acinar cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, cystadenocarcinoma, pancreatoblastoma,

PC can be diagnosed clinically (i.e., jaundice, dark urine, clay stool, abdominal pain, unexplained weight loss, etc.), by laboratory measures (i.e., carbohydrate antigen (CA19-9), etc.), by imaging (endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS), abdominal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT) with pancreatic protocols, etc.), and by pathological detection (pancreatic

Understanding tumor pathogenesis at the detailed genetic/epigenetic/metabolic/ molecular levels as well as studying the tumor risk factors and its known precancerous lesions is required for successful treatment. In addition, early diagnosis and treatment by a multidisciplinary team of surgeons, gastroenterologists/interventional upper endoscopists, medical/radiation oncologists, diagnostic/intervention radiologists, and pathologists at high-volume centers is important for better outcomes. Moreover,

According to tumor stage; resectable cancers are treated by surgical resection followed by adjuvant therapy. On the other hand; borderline resectable tumors are

surgical resection with a negative margin (R0) is the only cure for PC.

mortality.

biopsy).

mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN), etc.)

pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PNET), and others.
