**14. Nipple areola reconstruction**

Nipple areolar reconstruction (NAR) is the final stage of the breast reconstructive process. The individual who requires NAR is a patient that underwent SSM where the nipple areolar complex is excised as part of the oncologic procedure. In addition, any patient who undergoes NSM, but the nipple areolar complex was compromised due to poor vascularity is a candidate for NAR as well. NAR can be performed as an outpatient procedure under local anesthetic and yields superb results for the patients. Many different techniques are described in the literature for NAR [51]. The authors favorite technique is single stage NAR and tattooing (**Figure 13**) [52].

#### **Figure 13.**

*Left: 35 year old female after nipple areolar complex Reconstruction and tattooing in a single stage technique. Right: same patient with side photo showing adequate projection of nipple.*
