**4.1 Congenital ataxia**

Congenital ataxias (CA) are a genetically heterogeneous group of disorders characterised by the presence of varying degrees of motor and language developmental delay, very early-onset cerebellar ataxia, cognitive impairment, and hypotonia [48]. Other common features include seizures, ocular signs (nystagmus, strabismus), behaviour changes, and microcephaly. Most cases have a non-progressive course, and patients report improvement in their motor and cognitive skills over time [47]. Recently, Raslan et al. [47] have proposed to classify CA into four categories:


