**2.6 Central nervous system tumours**

Central nervous system tumours are the most frequent neoplasia among those aged 0–19 years with an incidence rate of 6.14 per 100,000 population, representing the second cause of death from cancer in childhood [27]. Posterior fossa tumours account for 45–60% of all paediatric brain tumours [28]. Most posterior brain tumours are discovered between 3 and 11 years old [27].

Ataxia associated with posterior fossa brain tumours, in the absence of haemorrhage or acute CSF obstruction, tends to be subacute and is associated with symptoms of increased intracranial pressure (headache, vomiting). Treatment of brain tumours includes surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and rehabilitation. The prognosis is variable and depends on the type of tumour and localization (**Figure 2A** and **B**).
