**1. Introduction**

Histoplasmosis as an endemic mycosis, overlapping the HIV pandemic, creates the most interesting and common pattern of infection in immunocompromised patients: the progressive disseminated form (PDF). Histoplasmosis is not a contagious disease, but in hyperendemic areas [1] (as regions of North America [2], Central America, and South America [3]), and also countries from Africa [4] and Asia [5] it has been reported to be the second or the third most common opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients [6–9]; thus, this co-infection continues to generate clinical, diagnostic, and public health challenges. From 1987 histoplasmosis was classified by WHO as AIDS-defining disease, and from 2020 the same entity released guidelines for diagnosing and managing disseminated histoplasmosis among people living with HIV [1].
