*4.5.1 Prevalence and risk factors*

Hydrocephalus occurs in a significant proportion of NCC cases. The exact prevalence varies depending on geographic location and other factors, but studies have reported rates ranging from 7–35% [39–41]. Risk factors for the development of hydrocephalus include the presence of intraventricular cysts, cysts located in the cerebral aqueduct or fourth ventricle, and the degree of inflammation and scarring caused by the infection [39–41].
