**1. Introduction**

Neurocysticercosis (NCC), an insidious parasitic infection of the central nervous system, is a compelling testament to the intricate interplay between human behavior, zoonotic transmission, and neurological disorder pathogenesis. Caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, *Taenia solium*, NCC represents a significant global health burden, particularly in regions plagued by inadequate sanitation and poor hygiene practices. As a leading cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide, this enigmatic condition transcends geographical boundaries and socio-economic disparities, leaving a trail of

neuroinflammatory cascades, structural aberrations, and clinical manifestations [1, 2]. Unraveling the complex neuropathological intricacies of NCC holds the key to understanding its multifaceted impact on the human brain, ultimately guiding the pursuit of effective diagnostic modalities, therapeutic interventions, and preventive strategies [1, 3, 4]. Through an amalgamation of meticulous clinical observation, cutting-edge neuroimaging techniques, and the unraveling of host-parasite interactions, the neuropathological landscape of NCC gradually unveils its enigmatic nature, beckoning the relentless quest for knowledge in the realm of neurology and parasitology [1, 3, 4].

NCC is a complex parasitic infection that elicits diverse neuropathological changes within the central nervous system. The development of neuropathology in NCC follows a progressive course characterized by distinct stages. In the early vesicular stage, the cysticerci, comprising fluid-filled bladders housing the tapeworm larvae, exhibit a translucent membrane and contain a scolex with hooklets [5, 6]. As the infection progresses to the colloidal stage, degenerative changes occur, leading to a granulomatous reaction. This granuloma, composed of a necrotic core, edema, fibrous capsule, and inflammatory cells, contributes to the clinical manifestations commonly associated with NCC, such as seizures, headaches, and focal neurological deficits [6, 7]. Over time, some cysticerci may undergo calcification, resulting in the calcified stage where the parasites become inert, and the host response aims to contain the infection. Developing these neuropathological features in NCC underscores the dynamic interplay between the parasite, the host immune response, and the structural alterations within the central nervous system. Therefore, the evaluation and examination of neuropathological findings are very important [5–7].

NCC is paramount in infectious diseases and neurology due to its significant impact on public health and its potential to cause severe neurological complications. This parasitic infection, caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, *T. solium*, primarily affects the central nervous system (CNS). NCC is recognized as a leading cause of acquired epilepsy worldwide, particularly in regions where the parasite is endemic. It substantially burdens affected individuals, their families, and healthcare systems. Moreover, NCC can lead to various neurological manifestations, including seizures, hydrocephalus, focal neurological deficits, cognitive impairments, and even life-threatening complications [8, 9]. The complex interplay between the immune response, parasite-host interactions, and the localization of cysticerci within the CNS contributes to the diverse clinical presentations and challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Given its global prevalence and potential for devastating neurological sequelae, the study of NCC is essential for improving understanding, developing effective diagnostic tools and treatment strategies, and implementing preventive measures to mitigate the impact of this disease (**Figure 1**) [8, 9].

The proposed book chapter on NCC is necessary and of utmost importance in the medical and scientific community. NCC, caused by the larval stage of the pork tapeworm, *T. solium*, is a neglected tropical disease with a significant global impact on public health. Despite its prevalence and the severe neurological complications it can induce, there is a notable scarcity of comprehensive literature that systematically addresses various aspects of the disease. This chapter aims to fill this critical knowledge gap by providing a comprehensive and up-to-date synthesis of the current understanding of NCC. It will cover diverse topics, including the parasite's life cycle, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and preventive strategies. By consolidating evidence-based information and the latest research findings, the chapter will be an essential reference for medical practitioners, researchers, and policymakers. Moreover, the book chapter will raise awareness about this often overlooked disease,

*Neurocysticercosis: An Overview of Pathology and Pathogenesis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.113237*

#### **Figure 1.**

*T. solium infection depicting the stages of human and porcine cysticercosis, including NCC factors.*

fostering international collaborations and research efforts to improve its diagnosis, management, and prevention. Ultimately, the chapter's significance lies in its potential to enhance the quality of patient care, contribute to scientific advancements, and alleviate the burden of NCC on affected communities worldwide.
