**4.5 Hydrocephalus**

Hydrocephalus is a common complication of NCC, particularly when cysts are located in the ventricular system or cause obstruction to the flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In certain instances, NCC can obstruct the flow of CSF within the brain, leading to hydrocephalus [38–40]. Hydrocephalus is characterized by an accumulation of CSF, causing increased intracranial pressure and enlargement of the ventricles. It can result from cysts' obstruction of CSF pathways or inflammation-induced scarring [38–42].
