**6. Conclusion**

*T. solium* taeniasis/cysticercosis is an important food-borne zoonotic parasitic disease frequently transmitted worldwide between pigs and humans. Poor hygiene, inadequate sanitation, the use of untreated or partially treated human excreta in agriculture, improper food handling, lack of proper knowledge regarding the risk of infection while visiting the endemic countries, and the consumption of raw or under cooked pork (or viscera) particularly in/from regions where pigs are raised under poor conditions facilitate its spread.

Based on the epidemiological studies on taeniasis/cysticercosis in both humans and pigs, a number of factors have been identified to have contributed to decreasing trend of this disease in China over the last few decades. The promotion of health and education, meat inspection at slaughterhouses, and chemotherapies have significantly contributed to a marked decline in the prevalence of *T. solium* taeniasis/cysticercosis in China. Furthermore, the two most crucial measures, that is, the structural shift in pig farming from backyard to large-scale intensive farms, and the revolution made in the practice of using toilets to improve sanitary conditions created unfavorable conditions for the pigs (i.e. intermediate hosts) to acquire cysticercosis.

If any of the essential links to the source of infections are missing, infectious disease transmission can be disrupted, and no new infections could occur. The disease transmission nexus and its intensity are affected by natural and social factors. Therefore, to control and probably to eliminate cysticercosis, a One Health approach is required, which includes the provision of awareness and education, construction and proper usage of latrines, better farm management, treatment and/or vaccination of pigs, and timely treatment of infected human cases.
