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## Meet the editor

Dr. Brajesh Kumar is an assistant professor and head of the Post Graduate Department of Chemistry, TATA College, Chaibasa, India. He received a Ph.D. in Chemistry from the University of Delhi, India. His research interest is the development of sustainable and eco-friendly techniques for nanoparticle synthesis and their applications for environmental remediation; active films of organic solar cells; nanomedicine; sensors; natural product

extraction, purification, and analysis; natural polymers; peptide chemistry; microwave and ultrasound-assisted organic synthesis; and organic synthesis. Dr. Brajesh Kumar has been credited for different national and international fellowships and has worked as a faculty member at various universities in India, Ecuador, and South Korea. He has also published numerous research articles and is an active reviewer of more than fifty journals. He is also listed among the top 2% of scientists worldwide by Stanford University, USA.

### Contents


Preface

Color, which contributes so much to the beauty of nature, is vital to the attraction and acceptability of most products used by modern society. As long ago as the 25th century BC, man colored his surroundings and clothes using a limited range of natural colorants of both animal (Cochineal) and vegetable (Indigo, Alizarin, Tyrian purple) origin. Dyes and pigments are substances that, once applied to a substrate, lead to selective reflection or the transmission of incident daylight. Most natural dyes are found in the roots, barks, leaves, bracts, flowers, skins, and shells of plants. They are categorized as organometallic and organic compounds and exhibit low solubility in organic solvents. As a result, they are essentially found in the solid state during

This book is a collection of research and review papers on the chemistry and physics of dyes, pigments, and their intermediates, including chemical constituents, spectroscopic aspects, surface, solution, crystal formation, photochemical, and ecological or biological properties. It is a useful resource for a wide variety of researchers worldwide whose work involves dyes and pigment synthesis, imaging, sensors, energy,

> **Dr. Brajesh Kumar** TATA College, Kolhan University,

Chaibasa, Jharkhand, India

medicine, polymers, food products, toxicological properties, and more.

processing and when applied to the substrate.
