**4. Conclusion**

This chapter reviewed novel synthetic methods involving the presence of catalysts, solvent-free conditions, and green chemistry approaches reported during 2015–2022, for the preparation of pyrazoles and thiazoles. Additionally, their therapeutic and biological evaluations were discussed. These structural moieties will continue to play an important role in therapeutic and other applications, therefore further development, versatility and diversification of their syntheses will continue to be of great interest to chemists worldwide.
