**5. Beetles as bioindicator**

Ground beetles as efficient bioindicator are commonly used by researchers because they show response to ecological variation as a consequence of anthropogenic activities including overgrazing, soil and land pollution [37]. In relation to their cosmopolitan distribution in land, Carabid beetles are commonly utilized to assess the heavy metal pollution in soil [38]. Previously, it was discovered the significant bioaccumulation factor range of mercury and arsenic in a research of *Carabus lefebvri* indicating that beetles were favorable for assessing mercury and arsenic in the environment [39].
