**Abstract**

The food security of human societies has become a major source of worry due to heavy metal contamination in soils and water supplies. Water and soil sources are becoming more and more contaminated with heavy metals every day as a result of the development of several mining techniques and technologies as well as the expansion of numerous enterprises. A career assessment predicts a 7–10% increase in employment for soil and plant scientists between 2018 and 2028. Because the production of wholesome food and the safety of food are very important issues. Therefore, some of the innovative techniques for eliminating organic and mineral contamination from water and soil sources are addressed in this book chapter.

**Keywords:** pollution, remediation, heavy metals, toxicity, comparison
