**4. Conclusion**

Water is very important in the lives of humans and other living organisms, and accessibility and availability of this water that is of good quality is always a serious problem. This informed the research to ascertain the suitability of water from boreholes and hand-dug wells in the study area for domestic and industrial purposes.

Results of metal analysis for all the water samples from the study areas showed that cadmium, chromium and lead had mean concentrations higher than the recommended tolerable limits prescribed by regulatory bodies, while all the other metals studied had mean values lower than the recommended concentrations. The statistical analyses done at 95% confidence limit (p < 0.05) showed that there were no significant differences between heavy metal contents in water samples from boreholes and wells from Keffi and Karu. HMPI evaluated for the water samples revealed that Keffi water sources were not polluted, but the Karu ones were slightly polluted. However, the MI evaluated for the samples revealed that groundwater sources in Keffi and Karu are pure and not affected by heavy metals.
