*Biorefinery for Rehabilitation of Heavy Metals Polluted Areas DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109626*

food and feed. To note that crops containing pollutants within legal limits are subject to be used for food sector, while polluted bioresources are subject to biorefinery for non-food products. The main impacts of the circular bioeconomy developed here are foreseen to be materialized in the following directions:


Regarding the impact of the biorefinery on soil remediation (environment), the addition of immobilizing amendments is a promising and suitable technique for remediation of contaminated soils even if the total content of contaminants is not decreased. Organic amendments like, manure, compost, bio-solids and bio-solids compost may effectively reduce the availability of HM due to its high content of organic matter and improve the biochemical properties of contaminated soils. Immobilized in the soil, the pollution poses much less of a threat to e.g. groundwater, organisms in the soil or uptake by crops.

All the previous impacts converge into one important impact: food security (integrating health, environment, economy and society). Circular bioeconomy is meant to be one of the tools needed by today's society to improve food security and decrease pollution and impact of human activities on the environment.

*Heavy Metals – Recent Advances*
