**2. Methods**

### **2.1 Sources of heavy-metal contaminations in foods and beverages**

The sustenance of life for all living organism is in need of food. The growth, development and all biological functions of all living organism including mankind is associated with quality of food [16–18]. Food can be plant-based, processed food or ready-to-eat food. Food provides essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins to human body. But human exposure to contaminated foods and
