**7. Advantages of Avifauna as indicator species in probing heavy metal pollution**

Birds have historically served as reliable environmental indicators. Despite the fact that they still have a limited capacity for directly and quickly altering the features of ecosystems and for altering the behaviour of other taxa [77, 78]. The advantages of utilising bird species as indicators are:


*Birds as Intrinsic Bio-Indicators for Probing Heavy Metal Contamination Signatures in Polluted… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.110449*
