**7. Conclusion**

In summary, the nano titania application in cancer therapy and diagnosis is highly favorable due to its biocompatible and porous nature, surface modification, and ROS generation properties. The TiO2 surface can be coated with polymeric and metallic nanostructures to enhance drug loading ability and target desired tissue viz. tumor. Due to their inert nature, nano titania is commonly implemented as food additives and cosmetic products. However, UV light application limits its photoactivation, which is inconsistent with WHO recommended therapeutic window (600–1000 nm). Indeed, their surface coating or nanocomposite formation can shift its absorption from UV to NIR range, which holds promising effects in anticancer therapy and diagnosis via bioimaging. Their photodynamic or photothermal therapy effect suits topical and body cavity cancer resection. Employing titanium nanoparticles as drug carriers for anticancer therapy might help improve therapeutic effects and avoid undesirable side effects. Combining titanium NPs with other nanoparticles also holds great therapeutic potential in cancer. The applications of nano titania and their conjugates discussed in this chapter can be utilized to improve cancer theranostics.
