**7. Conclusion**

Titanium dioxide thin films and nanostructures exposed to gamma radiation exhibit significant modifications in their structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties, rendering them promising candidates for various applications. Gamma irradiation of TiO2 is being explored for its potential use as an electron transport layer in perovskite solar cells and as a photoanode in dye-sensitized solar cells. Experiments have confirmed long-term increases in power conversion efficiency and reliability, offering hope for practical usage of these materials in PV systems.

Future research avenues may include refining the gamma radiation treatment settings to achieve greater performance and investigating the compatibility of these materials with other photovoltaic systems such as organic photovoltaics and multijunction solar cells. Comprehensive research must be conducted to ensure the safety of these materials in real-world applications.

In summary, gamma radiation treatment of TiO2 is a promising technique for customizing the material's properties for use in photovoltaic cells. Gamma radiationinduced changes in the crystal structure, morphology, electronic properties, and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 contribute to enhancements in photoanode and electron transport layer performance in solar cells. However, further studies are needed to determine the viability of gamma radiation-treated TiO2 in practical applications.

*Effects of Gamma Radiation on the Structural, Optical, and Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2… DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.111718*
