**1. Introduction**

Changing global housing conditions due to recent climate hazards, migration, war, pandemic events, and globalization are further exacerbated by the rapidly unfolding economic global crises [1]. Today, we are witnessing two seemingly opposing phenomena: on the one hand, an inevitable increase in the world's population and on the other, a constant inexorable aging and decrease in the Western population [2]. Global population growth implies an increase in the demand for food production, especially that related to animal-derived protein consumption, which will have a significant impact on the whole production chain. According to the World Resources Institute, the global consumption of meat and dairy products is expected to rise by about 70%

between 2010 and 2050, with beef consumption increasing by more than 80% [3]. The United Nations (UN) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) projects that annual global meat production will rise from 228 to 463 million tons by 2050 to meet the rising demand, with bovine production expected to increase from 1.5 to 2.6 million tons, and sheep and goat products from 1.7 to 2.7 million tons [4]. The global food system, besides being one of the greatest threats to the planet's biodiversity, accounting for 80% of global species and habitat loss, is also one of the most polluting sectors [5]. Agriculture accounts for 24% of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions [6]. Intensive livestock production is a major source of GHG emissions in this sector, accounting for 14.5% of total emissions [7]. Furthermore, according to the UN report "The World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights," the global population will reach 9.7 billion people by 2050, rising to nearly 11 billion by the end of the century [8]. Without a radical change, these emissions are expected to rise as the world's population and food demand increase. Traditional city and housing models are no longer capable of providing a compelling response to these emerging and unavoidable social and environmental challenges [9]. The threats posed by climate and socioeconomic changes, as well as the resulting alterations in environmental balances, require immediate mitigation and adaptation measures. In urban areas, these strategies affect not only land use, but also lifestyles and production. Half of the world's population and three-quarters of Europe's population live in urban areas. Cities are key contributors to rising environmental pressures, with significant withdrawals of natural resources and pollution emissions. Moreover, increasing environmental pressure has serious implications for public health and safety. As a result, cities play a crucial role in achieving the sustainable development goals (SDGs) [10]. Goal 11 of the UN 2030 Agenda [11] lays the groundwork for integrated sustainable urban solutions. The SDG 11 declaration statement emphasizes the most compelling need for an integrated and systematic management of all potential dimensions of contemporary life on earth [12]. According to the UN, the world is falling behind in reaching the SDGs, and the efforts made thus far are completely inadequate. A radical shift in lifestyles is needed to achieve these goals in the shortest amount of time. The urgency of providing dynamic responses [13] that are adaptable to unpredictable challenges [14] has largely contributed to the development of renewed housing cultures that are more inclusive and shared [15]. The dynamic responses and new housing cultures must coexist with a medium- to long-term view, in which the development of creative innovative community forms serves as a means of empowering end-users. This radical is supported by citizens' increasing awareness of the use and importance of autonomous and decentralized food and energy production models.
