Meet the editor

Kenneth Eloghene Okedu was a research fellow in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston, USA, in 2013. He obtained his Ph.D. from the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Kitami Institute of Technology, Japan, in 2012. He received his BSc and MEng in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria, in

2003 and 2007, respectively, where he has been a faculty member since 2005. He has also been a visiting faculty member at the Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) Petroleum Institute and at the Caledonian College of Engineering, Glasgow Caledonian University, UK. He is presently a visiting professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Oman, and an adjunct professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nisantasi University, Turkey. He was recognized among the top 1% of peer reviewers in engineering by Publons (Web of Science) in 2018 and 2019 and was the editor's pick in the *Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy* in 2018. Dr. Okedu has published several books and journals/ transactions on renewable energy. He is an editor for several journals, including *Frontiers in Renewable Energy Research* (Smart Grids), *Energies*, *International Journal of Smart Grids*, *International Journal of Renewable Energy Research*, *International Journal of Electrical Engineering*, *Mathematical Problems in Engineering*, and *Trends in Renewable Energy*. His research interests include power system stability, renewable energy systems, stabilization of wind farms, stability analysis of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs) and permanent magnet synchronous generators (PMSG), variable-speed wind turbines, augmentation and integration of renewable energy into power systems, grid frequency dynamics, wind energy penetration, FACTS devices and power electronics, renewable energy storage systems, and hydrogen and fuel cells. Dr. Okedu was listed among the top 2% of scientists by Stanford University as well as the top 2% of the most academically cited researchers worldwide in the Scopus Worldwide Database. He received the Outstanding Publication Award for publishing the most Scopus-indexed papers in 2021–2022 at the National University of Science and Technology (NUST), Oman. He is currently a researcher with the Smart Energy Unit, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia, and a teaching faculty of graduate and post-graduate programs at the Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia.

## Contents



Preface

The concept of exergy is very important in engineering and science analyses. The useful amount of work extracted from any system could be obtained using the principles of exergy considering the equilibrium of the system with the surrounding environment in a reversible state. This book is divided into two sections, each of which includes four

In Chapter 1, drying is emphasized as an energy-intensive process in food preservation because it eliminates extra moisture and increases the longevity of food products. The chapter examines the use of both renewable and non-renewable energy sources to generate the energy needed for drying. It highlights the merits of using solar energy as the best source of energy for drying processes, including the drying of agricultural produce. The main components of a typical solar dryer are the fan, the solar air heater (SAH), and the dryer chamber. The chapter also carries out an exergy economic analysis to ensure that the

primary contributing factors to system exergy loss are recognized and understood.

Compressing images and reconstructing them without degrading their original quality is a major challenge in our modern world. Thus, Chapter 2 proposes a coding system that considers the implementation of both quality and compression rate considering high synthetic entropy coding schema. This coding schema can store the compressed image at the smallest size possible without affecting its original quality. The chapter considers a technique based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) and Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT). The evaluation of the test case was carried out using different standard color images and various performance metrics of the variables to reflect the effectiveness of

The approach of nonreciprocal photonic management can turn the absorption-emission balance to the advantage of absorption and improve the conversion efficiency more than the usual Shockley–Queisser balanced limit. Chapter 3 examines the use of nonreciprocal photovoltaic (PV) cells to convert the entire exergy (Helmholtz free energy) of quasimonochromatic radiation into electric power. It presents the evaluation of the limiting performance of a typical nonreciprocal, dissipation-less monochromatic converter and discusses the limiting efficiency of the nonreciprocal converter based on the adverse effect of the greenhouse. The chapter also presents a thorough modeling of the greenhouse effect in the gallium arsenide (GaAs) PV converter along with the performance of a PV in converting laser radiation. The presented results show that the greenhouse filter ensured a sharp absorption edge and reduced conversion losses related to the distributed

In a bid to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy resources, biofuels have emerged as potential replacements for diesel fuels. These biofuels can be used in an engine cylinder without any modifications by blending them with conventional diesel fuels. Evaporation of fuel droplets in engine cylinders is a process involving the atomization of fuel to release gases. This evaporation process is directly connected to the efficiency of the engine. Chapter 4 presents the evaporation characteristics of conventional diesel fuel and biofuels under different working conditions. It also models the evaporation phenomenon using

chapters: "New Technologies in Exergy" and "Applications of Exergy".

the proposed scheme.

PV bandgap and laser-cell matching losses.

*by Ismaila Badmus*
