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## Meet the editor

Dr. Yongseung Yun obtained a BSc from Yonsei University, Korea, in 1979, a master's degree from Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), in 1981, and a Ph.D. from the University of Utah, USA, in 1990. He is a chair researcher at the Institute for Advanced Engineering (IAE), Korea. From 1981 to 1984 Dr. Yun researched coal–oil agglomeration and fluidized bed coal combustion at KAST. For his

Ph.D., he worked on the low-temperature air oxidation of coal and developed the TG/MS instrument for coal analysis. At Brown University in 1991–1992, Dr. Yum researched pretreatment methods to enhance coal liquefaction yield. Since 1993 he has concentrated on process developments to produce clean synthetic gas from coal, petcoke, and wastes including biomass. Currently, he heads the blue hydrogen project that includes 30 tons/day of petcoke gasification, syngas cleaning, and PSA purification for 2 tons/day of high-purity hydrogen production. During 2013– 2018, he was the president of the Korea Association of Waste to Energy (KAWET). He is currently an auditor for the Korea Society of Waste Management and vice president of the Korea DME Association. He has been the chief editor of Korean Industrial Chemistry News for eight years.

### Contents


**Chapter 6 107** Transformation of Waste Coal Fly Ash into Zeolites for Environmental Applications *by Henilkumar M. Lankapati, Kalpana C. Maheria and Ajay K. Dalai*

Preface

Coal has been utilized heavily during the last century and will likely continue to be used for at least the next several decades, particularly in Asian countries. Coal is relatively cheaper than other fossil fuels, making it an attractive option when other fuel prices increase. In addition, many countries possess large coal resources. Even with competition from petroleum and natural gas as energy sources, coal has acted as a moderate helper to meet the world energy demand Recent global warming and health hazards caused by

micro-sized ultrafine particles prompted bans to the further utilization of coal.

combustion for heat and electricity generation.

will determine the fate of coal energy in the 21st century.

and disseminating best practices in the coal energy field.

technology will surely have a detrimental effect on this scenario.

Coal is a valuable asset that is abundantly stored within the Earth. Some suggestions propose the utilization of coal in its solid, liquid, and gaseous forms separately. Advocates of this approach argue that by doing so, coal resources can be optimally harnessed, ensuring maximum internal asset retention. However, economic considerations often lead to simpler methods of coal utilization, such as straightforward

What will be the role of coal in the 21st century? Will its use be phased out or will it continue to play a basic role for certain countries and industries? And if so, for how long? With worsening climate change worldwide, CO2 emissions related to coal usage

Although the International Energy Agency's (IEA) Net Zero by 2050 roadmap envisions the end of coal generation by 2040, there is a high probability that this timeline will not be met. Actual costs and commercial availability of alternative clean energy

The primary areas of coal utilization in the present day include electricity generation, iron/steel blast furnaces, kilns for cement production, and certain high-temperature industries. Unlike historical uses for small-scale applications like house heating, modern coal utilization is concentrated in large-scale industrial processes. This circumstance might justify more in-depth technological efforts for improving efficiencies

While finding ways to eliminate or substantially reduce CO2 emissions is crucial for the long-term sustainability of coal energy, the reality is that many developing countries, especially in Asia, heavily rely on coal for energy security. This dependence is likely to persist at least during the early part of the 21st century. As such, sharing information about ways to minimize CO2 emissions and maximize process efficiencies

Lessons from highly optimized experiences in developed countries, along with innovative statistical tools, are ready to be employed in the coal energy field. Leveraging these resources can enhance efficiency, reduce waste, and promote sustainable

while minimizing costs and environmental impacts should be encouraged.

practices in coal utilization. This book discusses some of these issues.
